implemented a lot of features

.adonisjs/client/manifest.d.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
 
 /// <reference path="../../adonisrc.ts" />
 /// <reference path="../../config/auth.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../../config/gc.ts" />
 /// <reference path="../../config/hash.ts" />
+/// <reference path="../../config/indexer.ts" />
 /// <reference path="../../config/logger.ts" />
 /// <reference path="../../config/nntp.ts" />
 /// <reference path="../../config/queue.ts" />

.adonisjs/server/controllers.ts

@@ -6,5 +6,7 @@
 export const controllers = {
   AccessTokens: () => import('#controllers/access_tokens_controller'),
   NewAccount: () => import('#controllers/new_account_controller'),
+  Newznab: () => import('#controllers/newznab_controller'),
   Profile: () => import('#controllers/profile_controller'),
+  Releases: () => import('#controllers/releases_controller'),
 }

.adonisjs/server/routes.d.ts

@@ -4,15 +4,27 @@ type ParamValue = string | number | bigint | boolean
 
 export type ScannedRoutes = {
   ALL: {
+    'releases.index': { paramsTuple?: []; params?: {} }
+    'releases.show': { paramsTuple: [ParamValue]; params: {'id': ParamValue} }
+    'releases.nzb': { paramsTuple: [ParamValue]; params: {'id': ParamValue} }
+    'releases.stats': { paramsTuple?: []; params?: {} }
     'auth.new_account.store': { paramsTuple?: []; params?: {} }
     'auth.access_tokens.store': { paramsTuple?: []; params?: {} }
     'profile.profile.show': { paramsTuple?: []; params?: {} }
     'profile.access_tokens.destroy': { paramsTuple?: []; params?: {} }
   }
   GET: {
+    'releases.index': { paramsTuple?: []; params?: {} }
+    'releases.show': { paramsTuple: [ParamValue]; params: {'id': ParamValue} }
+    'releases.nzb': { paramsTuple: [ParamValue]; params: {'id': ParamValue} }
+    'releases.stats': { paramsTuple?: []; params?: {} }
     'profile.profile.show': { paramsTuple?: []; params?: {} }
   }
   HEAD: {
+    'releases.index': { paramsTuple?: []; params?: {} }
+    'releases.show': { paramsTuple: [ParamValue]; params: {'id': ParamValue} }
+    'releases.nzb': { paramsTuple: [ParamValue]; params: {'id': ParamValue} }
+    'releases.stats': { paramsTuple?: []; params?: {} }
     'profile.profile.show': { paramsTuple?: []; params?: {} }
   }
   POST: {

.adonisjs/server/routes.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"root":[{"domain":"root","pattern":"/api/v1/releases","matchers":{},"tokens":[{"old":"/api/v1/releases","type":0,"val":"api","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/releases","type":0,"val":"v1","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/releases","type":0,"val":"releases","end":""}],"meta":{"params":[]},"name":"releases.index","handler":{"method":"index","reference":[null,"index"],"importExpression":"()=>import('#controllers/releases_controller')","name":"ReleasesController"},"methods":["GET","HEAD"],"middleware":{}},{"domain":"root","pattern":"/api/v1/releases/:id","matchers":{"id":{"match":{}}},"tokens":[{"old":"/api/v1/releases/:id","type":0,"val":"api","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/releases/:id","type":0,"val":"v1","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/releases/:id","type":0,"val":"releases","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/releases/:id","type":1,"val":"id","end":"","matcher":{}}],"meta":{"params":["id"]},"name":"releases.show","handler":{"method":"show","reference":[null,"show"],"importExpression":"()=>import('#controllers/releases_controller')","name":"ReleasesController"},"methods":["GET","HEAD"],"middleware":{}},{"domain":"root","pattern":"/api/v1/releases/:id/nzb","matchers":{"id":{"match":{}}},"tokens":[{"old":"/api/v1/releases/:id/nzb","type":0,"val":"api","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/releases/:id/nzb","type":0,"val":"v1","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/releases/:id/nzb","type":0,"val":"releases","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/releases/:id/nzb","type":1,"val":"id","end":"","matcher":{}},{"old":"/api/v1/releases/:id/nzb","type":0,"val":"nzb","end":""}],"meta":{"params":["id"]},"name":"releases.nzb","handler":{"method":"nzb","reference":[null,"nzb"],"importExpression":"()=>import('#controllers/releases_controller')","name":"ReleasesController"},"methods":["GET","HEAD"],"middleware":{}},{"domain":"root","pattern":"/api/v1/stats","matchers":{},"tokens":[{"old":"/api/v1/stats","type":0,"val":"api","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/stats","type":0,"val":"v1","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/stats","type":0,"val":"stats","end":""}],"meta":{"params":[]},"name":"releases.stats","handler":{"method":"stats","reference":[null,"stats"],"importExpression":"()=>import('#controllers/releases_controller')","name":"ReleasesController"},"methods":["GET","HEAD"],"middleware":{}},{"domain":"root","pattern":"/api/v1/auth/signup","matchers":{},"tokens":[{"old":"/api/v1/auth/signup","type":0,"val":"api","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/auth/signup","type":0,"val":"v1","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/auth/signup","type":0,"val":"auth","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/auth/signup","type":0,"val":"signup","end":""}],"meta":{"params":[]},"name":"auth.new_account.store","handler":{"method":"store","reference":[null,"store"],"importExpression":"()=>import('#controllers/new_account_controller')","name":"NewAccount"},"methods":["POST"],"middleware":{}},{"domain":"root","pattern":"/api/v1/auth/login","matchers":{},"tokens":[{"old":"/api/v1/auth/login","type":0,"val":"api","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/auth/login","type":0,"val":"v1","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/auth/login","type":0,"val":"auth","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/auth/login","type":0,"val":"login","end":""}],"meta":{"params":[]},"name":"auth.access_tokens.store","handler":{"method":"store","reference":[null,"store"],"importExpression":"()=>import('#controllers/access_tokens_controller')","name":"AccessTokens"},"methods":["POST"],"middleware":{}},{"domain":"root","pattern":"/api/v1/account/profile","matchers":{},"tokens":[{"old":"/api/v1/account/profile","type":0,"val":"api","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/account/profile","type":0,"val":"v1","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/account/profile","type":0,"val":"account","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/account/profile","type":0,"val":"profile","end":""}],"meta":{"params":[]},"name":"profile.profile.show","handler":{"method":"show","reference":[null,"show"],"importExpression":"()=>import('#controllers/profile_controller')","name":"Profile"},"methods":["GET","HEAD"],"middleware":{}},{"domain":"root","pattern":"/api/v1/account/logout","matchers":{},"tokens":[{"old":"/api/v1/account/logout","type":0,"val":"api","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/account/logout","type":0,"val":"v1","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/account/logout","type":0,"val":"account","end":""},{"old":"/api/v1/account/logout","type":0,"val":"logout","end":""}],"meta":{"params":[]},"name":"profile.access_tokens.destroy","handler":{"method":"destroy","reference":[null,"destroy"],"importExpression":"()=>import('#controllers/access_tokens_controller')","name":"AccessTokens"},"methods":["POST"],"middleware":{}}]}

.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+node_modules
+build
+tmp
+debug
+.git
+.idea
+.vscode
+.env
+.env.*
+!.env.example
+*.log

.env.example

@@ -16,3 +16,5 @@ SESSION_DRIVER=cookie
 # CORS (configure allowed origins for API access)
 #--------------------------------------------------------------------
 # CORS_ORIGIN=http://localhost:5173,http://localhost:3000
+# Newznab API key (/api?apikey=...); leave empty to allow access without a key
+NEWZNAB_API_KEY=

.nvmrc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+24.16

Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
+
+# Node is pinned: on 24.21, jsonschema 1.5.0 (used by Ace to validate commands)
+# throws "Invalid URL" on $ref, so no ace command starts. See LOG.md.
+ARG NODE_VERSION=24.16
+
+# Build stage: dev dependencies, TypeScript compile, native addons.
+# The full node image ships python3/make/g++, needed to compile yencode.
+FROM node:${NODE_VERSION}-bookworm AS build
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY package.json package-lock.json ./
+RUN npm ci
+COPY . .
+RUN node ace build \
+ && cd build \
+ && npm ci --omit=dev
+
+# Runtime stage: compiled app with production dependencies only.
+FROM node:${NODE_VERSION}-bookworm-slim
+ENV NODE_ENV=production
+# bsdtar (libarchive) unpacks compressed RAR entries, e.g. NZBs posted inside RARs.
+RUN apt-get update \
+ && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends libarchive-tools \
+ && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY --from=build /app/build ./
+USER node
+# Every service picks its own command, e.g. `node ace worker:fetch`.
+CMD ["node", "ace", "list"]

adonisrc.ts

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ export default defineConfig({
     () => import('@adonisjs/cors/cors_provider'),
     () => import('@adonisjs/auth/auth_provider'),
     () => import('#providers/api_provider'),
+    () => import('@adonisjs/static/static_provider')
   ],
 
   /*
@@ -103,7 +104,10 @@ export default defineConfig({
   | the production build.
   |
   */
-  metaFiles: [],
+  metaFiles: [{
+    pattern: 'public/**',
+    reloadServer: false,
+  }],
 
   hooks: {
     init: [

app/controllers/newznab_controller.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+import type { HttpContext } from '@adonisjs/core/http'
+import env from '#start/env'
+import SearchService from '#services/SearchService'
+import { capsXml, errorXml, expandCategories, resultsXml, type NewznabServer } from '#lib/newznab/index'
+
+const LIMITS = { max: 100, default: 50 }
+
+/** Search functions and the category each defaults to when `cat` is absent. */
+const SEARCH_FUNCTIONS: Record<string, number | undefined> = {
+  'search': undefined,
+  'tvsearch': 5000,
+  'tv-search': 5000,
+  'movie': 2000,
+  'movie-search': 2000,
+  'music': 3000,
+  'audio': 3000,
+  'book': 7000,
+}
+
+/** The configured key, if any (a Secret from .env, or a plain string set at runtime). */
+function configuredApiKey(): string | undefined {
+  const value: any = env.get('NEWZNAB_API_KEY')
+  const key = typeof value === 'string' ? value : value?.release()
+  return key || undefined
+}
+
+function int(value: unknown): number | undefined {
+  return typeof value === 'string' && /^\d+$/.test(value) ? Number(value) : undefined
+}
+
+/**
+ * Newznab API (CONCEPT.md D23) for Prowlarr, Sonarr, Radarr and the like:
+ * GET /api?t=caps|search|tvsearch|movie|music|book|get&apikey=…
+ */
+export default class NewznabController {
+  async handle({ request, response }: HttpContext) {
+    const qs = request.qs()
+    const t = String(qs.t ?? '')
+    const server = this.server(request)
+
+    const xml = (body: string, type = 'application/xml') => {
+      response.header('Content-Type', `${type}; charset=utf-8`)
+      return response.send(body)
+    }
+
+    const apiKey = configuredApiKey()
+    if (apiKey && qs.apikey !== apiKey) return xml(errorXml(100, 'Incorrect user credentials'))
+
+    if (t === 'caps') return xml(capsXml(server, LIMITS))
+
+    if (t === 'get') {
+      const id = int(qs.id)
+      if (id === undefined) return xml(errorXml(200, 'Missing parameter (id)'))
+      const nzb = await SearchService.nzb(id)
+      if (!nzb) return xml(errorXml(300, 'No such item'))
+      const filename = `${nzb.name.replace(/[^\w.\-()[\] ]+/g, '_').slice(0, 180) || 'release'}.nzb`
+      response.header('Content-Disposition', `attachment; filename="${filename}"`)
+      return xml(nzb.xml, 'application/x-nzb')
+    }
+
+    if (!(t in SEARCH_FUNCTIONS)) return xml(errorXml(202, `No such function (${t || 'none'})`))
+
+    const requested = String(qs.cat ?? '')
+      .split(',')
+      .map((c) => int(c.trim()))
+      .filter((c): c is number => c !== undefined)
+    const fallback = SEARCH_FUNCTIONS[t]
+    const categories = expandCategories(requested.length ? requested : fallback ? [fallback] : [])
+    const limit = Math.min(int(qs.limit) ?? LIMITS.default, LIMITS.max)
+    const offset = int(qs.offset) ?? 0
+
+    // ID-only lookups (tvdbid, imdbid, …) are not supported: caps says so, but
+    // answer with an empty result rather than everything.
+    const q = typeof qs.q === 'string' ? qs.q.trim() : ''
+    const idOnly = !q && ['tvdbid', 'tvmazeid', 'rid', 'imdbid', 'tmdbid'].some((p) => qs[p])
+
+    const result = idOnly
+      ? { total: 0, releases: [] }
+      : await SearchService.search({
+          q,
+          categories,
+          readable: true,
+          notIncomplete: true,
+          hideContainers: true,
+          maxAgeDays: int(qs.maxage),
+          season: int(qs.season),
+          episode: int(qs.season) !== undefined ? int(qs.ep) : undefined,
+          sort: 'newest',
+          perPage: limit,
+          offset,
+        })
+
+    const items = result.releases.map((r: any) => {
+      const tv = /(?:^|[._ -])S(\d{1,2})E(\d{1,3})/i.exec(r.name)
+      return {
+        id: r.id,
+        title: r.name,
+        category: r.category ?? 8010,
+        size: r.size,
+        files: r.fileCount,
+        postedAt: r.postedAt ? new Date(r.postedAt) : null,
+        poster: r.poster,
+        groups: r.groups ?? [],
+        password: Boolean(r.encrypted),
+        season: tv ? `S${tv[1].padStart(2, '0')}` : undefined,
+        episode: tv ? `E${tv[2].padStart(2, '0')}` : undefined,
+      }
+    })
+    return xml(resultsXml(server, items, offset, result.total), 'application/rss+xml')
+  }
+
+  private server(request: HttpContext['request']): NewznabServer {
+    const proto = request.header('x-forwarded-proto') ?? 'http'
+    const host = request.header('x-forwarded-host') ?? request.header('host') ?? 'localhost'
+    return {
+      title: 'Usenet Indexer',
+      baseUrl: `${proto}://${host}`,
+      apiKey: configuredApiKey(),
+    }
+  }
+}

app/controllers/releases_controller.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import type { HttpContext } from '@adonisjs/core/http'
+import SearchService, { type SortOrder } from '#services/SearchService'
+
+const flag = (value: unknown) => value === '1' || value === 'true' || value === true
+
+export default class ReleasesController {
+  /** GET /api/v1/releases?q=&readable=1&complete=1&hide_encrypted=1&source=&poster=&sort=&page=&per_page= */
+  async index({ request }: HttpContext) {
+    const qs = request.qs()
+    return SearchService.search({
+      q: typeof qs.q === 'string' ? qs.q : undefined,
+      readable: flag(qs.readable),
+      complete: flag(qs.complete),
+      hideEncrypted: flag(qs.hide_encrypted),
+      includePar2Only: flag(qs.par2_only),
+      source: typeof qs.source === 'string' && qs.source ? qs.source : undefined,
+      poster: typeof qs.poster === 'string' && qs.poster ? qs.poster : undefined,
+      sort: qs.sort as SortOrder | undefined,
+      page: Number(qs.page) || 1,
+      perPage: Number(qs.per_page) || 50,
+    })
+  }
+
+  /** GET /api/v1/releases/:id */
+  async show({ params, response }: HttpContext) {
+    const release = await SearchService.release(Number(params.id))
+    return release ?? response.notFound({ error: 'Release not found' })
+  }
+
+  /** GET /api/v1/releases/:id/nzb */
+  async nzb({ params, response }: HttpContext) {
+    const nzb = await SearchService.nzb(Number(params.id))
+    if (!nzb) return response.notFound({ error: 'Release not found' })
+    const filename = `${nzb.name.replace(/[^\w.\-()[\] ]+/g, '_').slice(0, 180) || 'release'}.nzb`
+    response.header('Content-Type', 'application/x-nzb')
+    response.header('Content-Disposition', `attachment; filename="${filename}"`)
+    return response.send(nzb.xml)
+  }
+
+  /** GET /api/v1/stats */
+  async stats() {
+    return SearchService.stats()
+  }
+}

app/models/file.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ export default class File extends BaseModel {
   @column({ isPrimary: true })
   declare id: number
 
+  @column({ columnName: 'file_key' })
+  declare fileKey: string | null
+
   @column()
   declare filename: string
 

app/models/group.ts

@@ -12,9 +12,18 @@ export default class Group extends BaseModel {
   @column()
   declare active: boolean
 
+  /** Every article up to here was fetched successfully (see FetchRangeService). */
   @column({ columnName: 'last_indexed_id' })
   declare lastIndexedId: bigint
 
+  /** Download bodies of obfuscated articles to identify them (bandwidth-heavy). */
+  @column({ columnName: 'fetch_bodies' })
+  declare fetchBodies: boolean
+
+  /** How far the scheduler has queued fetch jobs. */
+  @column({ columnName: 'last_queued_id' })
+  declare lastQueuedId: bigint
+
   @column.dateTime({ autoCreate: true })
   declare createdAt: DateTime
 

app/services/ArchiveService.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+import { execFile } from 'node:child_process'
+import { mkdtemp, rm, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises'
+import { tmpdir } from 'node:os'
+import path from 'node:path'
+import { promisify } from 'node:util'
+import db from '@adonisjs/lucid/services/db'
+import logger from '@adonisjs/core/services/logger'
+import IngestService from '#services/IngestService'
+import { storedEntryData, type RarEntry, type RarInfo } from '#lib/rar/index'
+import { fileStem, rarReleaseIdentity } from '#lib/release/index'
+
+/** Stored per file and release; a listing of thousands of files is not useful. */
+const MAX_ENTRIES = 500
+
+export interface ArchiveResult {
+  info: RarInfo
+  releaseId?: number
+  releaseRenamed?: string
+  grouped?: boolean
+}
+
+/**
+ * Records what a RAR volume's headers say: the listing on the file, the
+ * release it belongs to (from the shared directory or continued entry, when
+ * the file has none yet), and for first volumes the contents and password
+ * flag on the release. See CONCEPT.md (D19, D21).
+ */
+class ArchiveService {
+  async record(file: any, binary: any, info: RarInfo): Promise<ArchiveResult> {
+    const stored = { ...info, entries: info.entries.slice(0, MAX_ENTRIES).map(({ stored: _s, dataOffset: _d, ...entry }) => entry) }
+    await db.from('files').where('id', file.id).update({ archive: JSON.stringify(stored) })
+
+    let releaseId = file.release_id ?? binary?.release_id ?? null
+    let grouped = false
+    const identity = rarReleaseIdentity(info.entries)
+    if (!releaseId && identity) {
+      const ids = await IngestService.upsertReleases(db.connection().getWriteClient(), [
+        {
+          release: identity,
+          poster: binary?.poster ?? file.poster,
+          weakIdentity: true,
+          groups: binary?.groups ?? file.groups ?? [],
+          postedAt: binary?.posted_at ? new Date(binary.posted_at) : undefined,
+        },
+      ])
+      releaseId = ids.get(identity.key)!
+      grouped = true
+      if (binary) await db.from('binaries').where('id', binary.id).update({ release_id: releaseId })
+      await db.from('files').where('id', file.id).update({ release_id: releaseId })
+    }
+    if (!releaseId) return { info }
+
+    const release = await db.from('releases').where('id', releaseId).first()
+    const update: Record<string, unknown> = {}
+    if (info.firstVolume !== false) {
+      update.encrypted = info.headersEncrypted || info.entries.some((e) => e.encrypted)
+      if (info.entries.length > 0) update.contents = JSON.stringify(stored.entries)
+    } else if (info.headersEncrypted) {
+      update.encrypted = true
+    }
+    const better = releaseNameFromContents(info)
+    const renamed = release && better && (looksRandom(release.name) || release.source === 'post') ? better : undefined
+    if (renamed) update.name = renamed
+    if (Object.keys(update).length > 0) await db.from('releases').where('id', releaseId).update(update)
+
+    if (renamed) logger.info(`Release ${releaseId} renamed "${release.name}" → "${renamed}" from its archive.`)
+    return { info, releaseId, releaseRenamed: renamed, grouped }
+  }
+}
+
+const run = promisify(execFile)
+
+/** Tools that print one archive entry to stdout, tried in order. */
+const EXTRACTORS: [string, (archive: string, entry: string) => string[]][] = [
+  ['bsdtar', (archive, entry) => ['-xOf', archive, entry]],
+  ['unrar', (archive, entry) => ['p', '-inul', '-p-', '--', archive, entry]],
+]
+
+/**
+ * The unpacked data of one entry of a complete (single-volume) archive:
+ * copied out when stored, else unpacked with bsdtar (libarchive, in the
+ * Docker image) or unrar. Null when that is not possible.
+ */
+export async function extractEntry(archive: Buffer, entry: RarEntry, maxBytes = 64 * 1024 * 1024): Promise<Buffer | null> {
+  const stored = storedEntryData(archive, entry)
+  if (stored) return stored
+  if (entry.encrypted || entry.directory || entry.splitBefore || entry.splitAfter) return null
+  if (entry.size !== null && entry.size > maxBytes) return null
+
+  const dir = await mkdtemp(path.join(tmpdir(), 'rar-'))
+  try {
+    const file = path.join(dir, 'archive.rar')
+    await writeFile(file, archive)
+    for (const [tool, args] of EXTRACTORS) {
+      try {
+        const { stdout } = await run(tool, args(file, entry.name), { encoding: 'buffer', maxBuffer: maxBytes, timeout: 60_000 })
+        if (stdout.length > 0) return stdout
+      } catch (error: any) {
+        if (error.code !== 'ENOENT') logger.warn(`${tool} could not extract "${entry.name}": ${error.message}`)
+      }
+    }
+    return null
+  } finally {
+    await rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true })
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A release name from an archive listing: the top-level directory shared by
+ * all entries when it reads like a release name, otherwise the stem of the
+ * largest entry with a readable name (e.g. an archive holding just
+ * `Joker.Folie.a.Deux.2024.2160p….nzb`). Samples are skipped.
+ */
+export function releaseNameFromContents(info: Pick<RarInfo, 'entries'>): string | undefined {
+  const entries = info.entries.filter((e) => !e.directory)
+  const tops = new Set(info.entries.map((e) => e.name.split(/[\\/]/)[0]))
+  if (tops.size === 1 && info.entries.some((e) => /[\\/]/.test(e.name))) {
+    const [top] = tops
+    if (/[A-Za-z]{2,}.*[._-].*[A-Za-z0-9]{2,}/.test(top) && !looksRandom(top)) return top
+  }
+  const candidates = entries
+    .map((e) => ({ stem: fileStem(e.name.split(/[\\/]/).pop() ?? e.name), size: e.size ?? 0 }))
+    .filter(({ stem }) => !/(^|[._ -])sample([._ -]|$)/i.test(stem))
+    .filter(({ stem }) => /[A-Za-z]{2,}.*[._ -].*[A-Za-z0-9]{2,}/.test(stem) && !looksRandom(stem))
+    .sort((a, b) => b.size - a.size)
+  return candidates[0]?.stem
+}
+
+/**
+ * Renames random-named releases from their stored archive listing (no
+ * downloads). Used by `release:rename`.
+ */
+export async function renameFromStoredContents(): Promise<number> {
+  const releases = await db
+    .from('releases')
+    .whereNotNull('contents')
+    .whereRaw("jsonb_array_length(contents) > 0")
+    .select('id', 'name', 'source', 'contents')
+  let renamed = 0
+  for (const release of releases) {
+    if (!looksRandom(release.name) && release.source !== 'post') continue
+    const better = releaseNameFromContents({ entries: release.contents })
+    if (!better || better === release.name) continue
+    await db.from('releases').where('id', release.id).update({ name: better })
+    renamed++
+  }
+  return renamed
+}
+
+/** Obfuscated names: one long token of mixed letters and digits, no separators. */
+export function looksRandom(name: string): boolean {
+  // An unknown short extension (e.g. ".bin") says nothing about the name.
+  name = name.replace(/\.[A-Za-z0-9]{1,4}$/, '')
+  if (/^[0-9a-f]{16,}$/i.test(name)) return true
+  if (!/^[A-Za-z0-9]{16,}$/.test(name) || !/[a-z]/.test(name) || !/[A-Z]/.test(name)) return false
+  // Digits, or many capitals without separators (e.g. RmISakytFwXSCEzjVEpaKk).
+  return /\d/.test(name) || (name.match(/[A-Z]/g) ?? []).length >= 6
+}
+
+export default new ArchiveService()

app/services/ContentService.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+import { createHash } from 'node:crypto'
+import db from '@adonisjs/lucid/services/db'
+import NntpService from '#services/NntpService'
+import Par2Service, { type Par2Result } from '#services/Par2Service'
+import ArchiveService, { extractEntry, looksRandom, type ArchiveResult } from '#services/ArchiveService'
+import NameService from '#services/NameService'
+import { decodeSegment, YencCrcError, YencError, YencFile } from '#lib/yenc/index'
+import NzbImportService, { type NzbImportResult } from '#services/NzbImportService'
+import { sniffContentType, type ContentType } from '#lib/content/index'
+import { parseRarHeaders, type RarEntry, type RarInfo } from '#lib/rar/index'
+import { fileStem } from '#lib/release/index'
+import { looksLikeFilename } from '#lib/subject/index'
+
+const FIRST_CHUNK = 16 * 1024
+
+/**
+ * MD5 of the first 16 KiB of a file, as par2 records it, from the body of
+ * the file's first part. Undefined when that part is shorter than 16 KiB but
+ * the file is not (the chunk would span two parts).
+ */
+export function firstChunkMd5(body: Buffer, fileSize: number): string | undefined {
+  return chunkMd5(decodeSegment(body).data, fileSize)
+}
+
+function chunkMd5(data: Buffer, fileSize: number): string | undefined {
+  if (data.length < Math.min(FIRST_CHUNK, fileSize)) return undefined
+  return createHash('md5').update(data.subarray(0, FIRST_CHUNK)).digest('hex')
+}
+
+export interface ContentResult {
+  par2?: Par2Result
+  archive?: ArchiveResult
+  named: number
+  contentType: ContentType | null
+  nzb?: NzbImportResult
+  /** NZBs read from inside an archive. */
+  archiveNzbs?: NzbImportResult[]
+}
+
+/**
+ * Takes names and groupings from file contents (CONCEPT.md D21). For a
+ * completed file with a random name, one article (the first) is enough:
+ * - its fingerprint (size + first-16-KiB MD5) matches it to a par2 entry,
+ * - par2 files are recognised by content and name every file of their set,
+ * - RAR headers give the release grouping, name and contents.
+ */
+class ContentService {
+  /** Random or missing names, and named first RAR volumes (for contents and password flag). */
+  isCandidate(name: string) {
+    if (!looksLikeFilename(name) || looksRandom(fileStem(name))) return true
+    if (/\.nzb$/i.test(name)) return true
+    return /\.part0*1\.rar$/i.test(name) || (/\.rar$/i.test(name) && !/\.part\d+\.rar$/i.test(name))
+  }
+
+  /** Downloads a whole (small) file whose first segment is already decoded. */
+  private async readWhole(first: Buffer, messageIds: Record<string, { id: string; size: number }>): Promise<Buffer | null> {
+    const parts = Object.entries(messageIds).sort(([a], [b]) => Number(a) - Number(b))
+    const bytes = parts.reduce((sum, [, p]) => sum + (p.size ?? 0), 0)
+    if (parts.length > WHOLE_MAX_PARTS || bytes > WHOLE_MAX_BYTES) return null
+    if (parts.length === 1) return first
+
+    let assembled: YencFile | undefined
+    const conn = await NntpService.acquire()
+    let failed = false
+    try {
+      for (const [, part] of parts) {
+        const segment = decodeSegment(await NntpService.fetchBody(conn, part.id), { lenientSize: true })
+        assembled ??= YencFile.fromSegment(segment)
+        assembled.add(segment)
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      failed = true
+      throw error
+    } finally {
+      NntpService.release(conn, failed)
+    }
+    return assembled!.getBuffer()
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Downloads a small archive that lists NZBs and imports each of them
+   * (CONCEPT.md D28): NZBs are posted inside RARs too, e.g. for obfuscated
+   * uploads by other posters.
+   */
+  private async importArchiveNzbs(file: any, first: Buffer): Promise<NzbImportResult[]> {
+    const archive = await this.readWhole(first, file.message_ids)
+    const info = archive && parseRarHeaders(archive)
+    if (!archive || !info) return []
+    const entries = info.entries.filter(isNzbEntry)
+    const results: NzbImportResult[] = []
+    for (const entry of entries) {
+      const xml = await extractEntry(archive, entry)
+      if (!xml) continue
+      const imported = await NzbImportService.import(file, xml.toString('utf8'), {
+        entryName: entry.name,
+        moveContainer: entries.length === 1,
+      })
+      if (imported) results.push(imported)
+    }
+    return results
+  }
+
+  async inspect(fileId: number): Promise<ContentResult | null> {
+    const file = await db.from('files').where('id', fileId).first()
+    const binary = await db.from('binaries').where('file_id', fileId).first()
+    if (!file || !this.isCandidate(file.filename)) return null
+    const first = file.message_ids?.['1']
+    if (!first?.id) return null
+
+    const conn = await NntpService.acquire()
+    let failed = false
+    let body: Buffer
+    try {
+      body = await NntpService.fetchBody(conn, first.id)
+    } catch (error) {
+      failed = true
+      throw error
+    } finally {
+      NntpService.release(conn, failed)
+    }
+    // Some tools declare a size that leaves out a header (nzbe); the CRC still has to match.
+    let segment
+    try {
+      segment = decodeSegment(body)
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (!(error instanceof YencError) || error instanceof YencCrcError) throw error
+      segment = decodeSegment(body, { lenientSize: true })
+    }
+    const size = segment.meta.begin.size
+    const contentType = sniffContentType(segment.data)
+    await db.from('files').where('id', fileId).update({ content_type: contentType })
+
+    // Fingerprint, so par2 sets (now or later) can name this file exactly.
+    if (binary) {
+      await db
+        .from('binaries')
+        .where('id', binary.id)
+        .update({
+          size: db.raw('coalesce(size, ?)', [size]),
+          md5_16k: db.raw('coalesce(md5_16k, ?)', [chunkMd5(segment.data, size) ?? null]),
+        })
+    }
+
+    const result: ContentResult = { named: 0, contentType }
+    if (contentType === 'nzbe' || contentType === 'rclone') {
+      // An encrypted NZB, or rclone crypt (names and data encrypted): nothing
+      // to read, and useless without the key.
+      const releaseId = file.release_id ?? binary?.release_id
+      if (releaseId) {
+        await db.from('releases').where('id', releaseId).update({ container: contentType, encrypted: true })
+      }
+      return result
+    }
+    if (contentType === 'nzb') {
+      const xml = await this.readWhole(segment.data, file.message_ids)
+      if (xml) result.nzb = (await NzbImportService.import(file, xml.toString('utf8'))) ?? undefined
+      return result
+    }
+    const set = await Par2Service.read(segment.data, file.message_ids)
+    if (set && binary) {
+      result.par2 = await Par2Service.attach(binary, set)
+    } else {
+      const info = parseRarHeaders(segment.data)
+      if (info) {
+        result.archive = await ArchiveService.record(file, binary, info)
+        if (hasNzbEntries(info)) result.archiveNzbs = await this.importArchiveNzbs(file, segment.data)
+      }
+    }
+    if (binary) result.named = await NameService.resolve([binary.id])
+    return result
+  }
+}
+
+/** NZBs that can be read from a single, unencrypted archive. */
+function hasNzbEntries(info: RarInfo): boolean {
+  return !info.volume && !info.headersEncrypted && info.entries.some(isNzbEntry)
+}
+
+function isNzbEntry(entry: RarEntry): boolean {
+  return /\.nzb$/i.test(entry.name) && !entry.encrypted && !entry.directory
+}
+
+/** Small posted files (NZBs) that are read completely. */
+const WHOLE_MAX_PARTS = 40
+const WHOLE_MAX_BYTES = 25 * 1024 * 1024
+
+export default new ContentService()

app/services/DeferredService.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+import { createHash } from 'node:crypto'
+import db from '@adonisjs/lucid/services/db'
+import indexerConfig from '#config/indexer'
+import NntpService from '#services/NntpService'
+import QueueService from '#services/QueueService'
+import { type OverviewHeader } from '#services/IngestService'
+import { decodeSegment, inferTotalParts, parseYencMeta } from '#lib/yenc/index'
+import { sniffContentType } from '#lib/content/index'
+import { parseRarHeaders } from '#lib/rar/index'
+
+/** Expanding re-reads the file's article range with XOVER; beyond this it is too costly. */
+const EXPAND_MAX_RANGE = 200_000
+/** A claimed row whose worker died is taken again after this long. */
+const RECLAIM_AFTER = '1 hour'
+
+export interface DeferredArticle {
+  articleNumber: number
+  header: OverviewHeader
+}
+
+/** File name from a deferred uploader's subject: `[i/M] "name" yEnc`, no part counter. */
+export function deferredName(subject: string | undefined): string | null {
+  return /"([^"]+)"/.exec(subject ?? '')?.[1]?.trim() || null
+}
+
+export function isDeferred(header: OverviewHeader): boolean {
+  const id = header['message-id'] ?? ''
+  return indexerConfig.deferBodyMessageIds.some((re) => re.test(id))
+}
+
+/** A recorded range never spans more articles than this (one XOVER to expand it). */
+const RANGE_MAX_SPAN = 50_000
+
+export function bodyJob(header: OverviewHeader, group: string, articleNumber: number | bigint) {
+  return {
+    name: 'process-body',
+    data: { header, group, articleNumber: Number(articleNumber) },
+    // By message-id: an article crossposted to several indexed groups is downloaded once.
+    opts: { jobId: `body-${createHash('sha1').update(header['message-id'] ?? '').digest('hex')}` },
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Deferred uploads (CONCEPT.md D28). Their articles skip the body queue and
+ * are recorded here per file, from the headers alone. `worker:deferred`
+ * later downloads one body per file for its size, part count and content
+ * type, and sends small files (NZBs in RARs, par2 index files) to the body
+ * queue completely.
+ */
+class DeferredService {
+  /**
+   * Records one group's deferred articles: per file when the subject names
+   * the file, otherwise only as article ranges. Returns the number of files.
+   */
+  async record(groupName: string, articles: DeferredArticle[]): Promise<number> {
+    const named = articles.filter((a) => deferredName(a.header.subject) !== null)
+    await this.recordRanges(groupName, articles.filter((a) => deferredName(a.header.subject) === null))
+    return this.recordFiles(groupName, named)
+  }
+
+  private async recordRanges(groupName: string, articles: DeferredArticle[]) {
+    if (articles.length === 0) return
+    const sorted = [...articles].sort((a, b) => Number(a.articleNumber) - Number(b.articleNumber))
+    const now = new Date()
+    const rows: Record<string, unknown>[] = []
+    for (const article of sorted) {
+      const n = Number(article.articleNumber)
+      const bytes = Number.parseInt(article.header[':bytes'] ?? '0', 10) || 0
+      const last = rows.at(-1)
+      if (last && n - (last.first_article as number) <= RANGE_MAX_SPAN) {
+        last.last_article = n
+        ;(last.article_count as number)++
+        last.bytes = (last.bytes as number) + bytes
+      } else {
+        rows.push({ group_name: groupName, first_article: n, last_article: n, article_count: 1, bytes, created_at: now })
+      }
+    }
+    await db.table('deferred_ranges').multiInsert(rows)
+  }
+
+  private async recordFiles(groupName: string, articles: DeferredArticle[]): Promise<number> {
+    const files = new Map<string, {
+      name: string; subject: string; poster: string; first: number; firstId: string; last: number
+      count: number; bytes: number; postedAt: Date | null
+    }>()
+    for (const { articleNumber, header } of articles) {
+      const name = deferredName(header.subject)!
+      const n = Number(articleNumber)
+      const bytes = Number.parseInt(header[':bytes'] ?? '0', 10) || 0
+      const date = header.date ? new Date(header.date) : null
+      const postedAt = date && !Number.isNaN(date.getTime()) ? date : null
+      const file = files.get(name)
+      if (!file) {
+        files.set(name, {
+          name, subject: header.subject ?? '', poster: header.from ?? '', first: n,
+          firstId: (header['message-id'] ?? '').replace(/^<|>$/g, ''), last: n, count: 1, bytes, postedAt,
+        })
+        continue
+      }
+      if (n < file.first) {
+        file.first = n
+        file.firstId = (header['message-id'] ?? '').replace(/^<|>$/g, '')
+      }
+      file.last = Math.max(file.last, n)
+      file.count++
+      file.bytes += bytes
+      if (postedAt && (!file.postedAt || postedAt < file.postedAt)) file.postedAt = postedAt
+    }
+    if (files.size === 0) return 0
+
+    const now = new Date()
+    const rows = [...files.values()].map((f) => ({
+      file_key: createHash('sha1').update(`deferred\n${f.name}`).digest('hex'),
+      name: f.name,
+      subject: f.subject,
+      poster: f.poster,
+      group_name: groupName,
+      first_article: f.first,
+      first_message_id: f.firstId,
+      last_article: f.last,
+      article_count: f.count,
+      bytes: f.bytes,
+      posted_at: f.postedAt,
+      first_seen_at: now,
+      last_seen_at: now,
+    }))
+    // Counts and the article range only add up within the group the file was first seen in.
+    await db.rawQuery(
+      `INSERT INTO deferred_files AS d (${Object.keys(rows[0]).join(', ')})
+       SELECT * FROM jsonb_to_recordset(?::jsonb) AS r(
+         file_key varchar, name text, subject text, poster text, group_name text, first_article bigint,
+         first_message_id text, last_article bigint, article_count int, bytes bigint, posted_at timestamptz,
+         first_seen_at timestamptz, last_seen_at timestamptz)
+       ON CONFLICT (file_key) DO UPDATE SET
+         last_seen_at = EXCLUDED.last_seen_at,
+         first_message_id = CASE WHEN d.group_name = EXCLUDED.group_name AND EXCLUDED.first_article < d.first_article
+           THEN EXCLUDED.first_message_id ELSE d.first_message_id END,
+         first_article = CASE WHEN d.group_name = EXCLUDED.group_name THEN LEAST(d.first_article, EXCLUDED.first_article) ELSE d.first_article END,
+         last_article = CASE WHEN d.group_name = EXCLUDED.group_name THEN GREATEST(d.last_article, EXCLUDED.last_article) ELSE d.last_article END,
+         article_count = d.article_count + CASE WHEN d.group_name = EXCLUDED.group_name THEN EXCLUDED.article_count ELSE 0 END,
+         bytes = d.bytes + CASE WHEN d.group_name = EXCLUDED.group_name THEN EXCLUDED.bytes ELSE 0 END,
+         posted_at = LEAST(d.posted_at, EXCLUDED.posted_at)`,
+      [JSON.stringify(rows)]
+    )
+    return files.size
+  }
+
+  /** Takes up to `limit` files that stopped growing; they are marked `processing`. */
+  async claim(limit: number): Promise<any[]> {
+    const settled = new Date(Date.now() - indexerConfig.deferredSettleMs)
+    const { rows } = await db.rawQuery(
+      `UPDATE deferred_files SET status = 'processing', processed_at = now()
+       WHERE id IN (
+         SELECT id FROM deferred_files
+         WHERE (status = 'pending' AND last_seen_at < ?)
+            OR (status = 'processing' AND processed_at < now() - interval '${RECLAIM_AFTER}')
+         ORDER BY id LIMIT ? FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED)
+       RETURNING *`,
+      [settled, limit]
+    )
+    return rows
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Queues the bodies of up to `limit` recorded ranges, oldest first: the
+   * articles are found again with XOVER. Returns ranges and articles queued.
+   */
+  async expandRanges(limit: number): Promise<{ ranges: number; articles: number }> {
+    const ranges = await db.from('deferred_ranges').whereNull('expanded_at').orderBy('id').limit(limit)
+    let articles = 0
+    for (const range of ranges) {
+      const conn = await NntpService.acquire()
+      let failed = false
+      let overviews: [number, OverviewHeader][]
+      try {
+        await conn.group(range.group_name)
+        overviews = (await conn.xover(String(range.first_article), String(range.last_article))).overviews
+      } catch (error) {
+        failed = true
+        throw error
+      } finally {
+        NntpService.release(conn, failed)
+      }
+      const jobs = overviews
+        .filter(([, header]) => header && isDeferred(header) && deferredName(header.subject) === null)
+        .map(([articleNumber, header]) => bodyJob(header, range.group_name, articleNumber))
+      for (let i = 0; i < jobs.length; i += 5000) await QueueService.bodyQueue.addBulk(jobs.slice(i, i + 5000))
+      await db.from('deferred_ranges').where('id', range.id).update({ expanded_at: new Date() })
+      articles += jobs.length
+    }
+    return { ranges: ranges.length, articles }
+  }
+
+  /** Reads one body of the file; expands small files into the body queue. Returns the new status. */
+  async process(file: any): Promise<string> {
+    const update: Record<string, unknown> = { processed_at: new Date(), error: null }
+    try {
+      const conn = await NntpService.acquire()
+      let failed = false
+      let body: Buffer
+      try {
+        body = await NntpService.fetchBody(conn, file.first_message_id)
+      } catch (error) {
+        failed = true
+        throw error
+      } finally {
+        NntpService.release(conn, failed)
+      }
+
+      const meta = parseYencMeta(body)
+      const totalParts = inferTotalParts(meta)
+      Object.assign(update, {
+        yenc_name: meta.begin.name,
+        size: meta.begin.size,
+        total_parts: totalParts,
+        sampled_part: meta.begin.part ?? 1,
+      })
+      if ((meta.begin.part ?? 1) === 1) {
+        const data = decodeSegment(body, { lenientSize: true, verifyCrc: false }).data
+        update.content_type = sniffContentType(data)
+        const rar = parseRarHeaders(data)
+        if (rar) update.encrypted = rar.headersEncrypted || rar.entries.some((e) => e.encrypted)
+      }
+
+      update.status = 'sampled'
+      if (totalParts <= indexerConfig.deferredExpandMaxParts && update.encrypted !== true) {
+        const queued = await this.expand(file)
+        if (queued > 0) update.status = 'expanded'
+      }
+    } catch (error: any) {
+      update.status = 'failed'
+      update.error = String(error.message).slice(0, 500)
+    }
+    await db.from('deferred_files').where('id', file.id).update(update)
+    return update.status as string
+  }
+
+  /** Finds the file's articles again (XOVER over its range) and queues their bodies. */
+  private async expand(file: any): Promise<number> {
+    const first = Number(file.first_article)
+    const last = Number(file.last_article)
+    if (last - first > EXPAND_MAX_RANGE) return 0
+
+    const conn = await NntpService.acquire()
+    let failed = false
+    let overviews: [number, OverviewHeader][]
+    try {
+      await conn.group(file.group_name)
+      overviews = (await conn.xover(String(first), String(last))).overviews
+    } catch (error) {
+      failed = true
+      throw error
+    } finally {
+      NntpService.release(conn, failed)
+    }
+    const jobs = overviews
+      .filter(([, header]) => header && deferredName(header.subject) === file.name)
+      .map(([articleNumber, header]) => bodyJob(header, file.group_name, articleNumber))
+    if (jobs.length > 0) await QueueService.bodyQueue.addBulk(jobs)
+    return jobs.length
+  }
+}
+
+export default new DeferredService()

app/services/FetchRangeService.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import db from '@adonisjs/lucid/services/db'
+import logger from '@adonisjs/core/services/logger'
+import QueueService from '#services/QueueService'
+
+/** A failed range is retried after this long... */
+const REQUEUE_AFTER_MS = 5 * 60 * 1000
+/** ...at most this many times; after that it stays visible as a gap. */
+const MAX_REQUEUES = 5
+/** A queued range without a job in Redis (e.g. Redis was flushed) is re-queued after this long. */
+const LOST_AFTER_MS = 60 * 60 * 1000
+
+interface Group {
+  id: number
+  name: string
+}
+
+/**
+ * Tracks the article ranges given to worker:fetch. A range only counts as
+ * indexed once the worker reports it done, so failed or lost fetch jobs are
+ * retried instead of silently skipped. See CONCEPT.md (D18).
+ */
+class FetchRangeService {
+  async queue(group: Group, startId: bigint, endId: bigint) {
+    const now = new Date()
+    const [row] = await db
+      .table('fetch_ranges')
+      .insert({ group_id: group.id, start_id: startId.toString(), end_id: endId.toString(), created_at: now, updated_at: now })
+      .returning(['id', 'requeues'])
+    await this.addJob(group.name, Number(row.id), 0, startId, endId)
+  }
+
+  private async addJob(groupName: string, rangeId: number, requeues: number, startId: bigint, endId: bigint) {
+    await QueueService.nntpFetchQueue.add(
+      'fetch-headers',
+      { groupName, startId: startId.toString(), endId: endId.toString(), rangeId },
+      // The job id changes per attempt: BullMQ ignores an add() for an id it still knows.
+      { jobId: this.jobId(rangeId, requeues) }
+    )
+  }
+
+  private jobId(rangeId: number, requeues: number) {
+    return `range-${rangeId}-${requeues}`
+  }
+
+  async markDone(rangeId: number) {
+    await db.from('fetch_ranges').where('id', rangeId).update({ status: 'done', error: null, updated_at: new Date() })
+  }
+
+  async markFailed(rangeId: number, error: string) {
+    await db.from('fetch_ranges').where('id', rangeId).update({ status: 'failed', error, updated_at: new Date() })
+  }
+
+  /** Re-queues failed ranges, and queued ranges whose job no longer exists. */
+  async requeue(group: Group): Promise<number> {
+    const now = Date.now()
+    const candidates = await db
+      .from('fetch_ranges')
+      .where('group_id', group.id)
+      .where('requeues', '<', MAX_REQUEUES)
+      .where((q) =>
+        q
+          .where((f) => f.where('status', 'failed').where('updated_at', '<', new Date(now - REQUEUE_AFTER_MS)))
+          .orWhere((l) => l.where('status', 'queued').where('updated_at', '<', new Date(now - LOST_AFTER_MS)))
+      )
+      .orderBy('start_id')
+
+    let requeued = 0
+    for (const range of candidates) {
+      if (range.status === 'queued') {
+        const job = await QueueService.nntpFetchQueue.getJob(this.jobId(Number(range.id), range.requeues))
+        const state = job ? await job.getState() : 'missing'
+        if (state !== 'missing' && state !== 'failed' && state !== 'unknown') continue
+      }
+      await db
+        .from('fetch_ranges')
+        .where('id', range.id)
+        .update({ status: 'queued', requeues: range.requeues + 1, updated_at: new Date() })
+      await this.addJob(group.name, Number(range.id), range.requeues + 1, BigInt(range.start_id), BigInt(range.end_id))
+      requeued++
+      logger.warn(
+        `Re-queued ${group.name} ${range.start_id}-${range.end_id} (attempt ${range.requeues + 2}): ${range.error ?? 'job lost'}`
+      )
+    }
+    return requeued
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Moves `groups.last_indexed_id` up to just below the first range that is
+   * not done yet, and forgets done ranges. Returns the new watermark.
+   */
+  async advanceWatermark(group: Group): Promise<bigint> {
+    const { rows } = await db.rawQuery(
+      `UPDATE groups g SET last_indexed_id = greatest(g.last_indexed_id, coalesce(
+         (SELECT min(start_id) - 1 FROM fetch_ranges WHERE group_id = g.id AND status <> 'done'),
+         g.last_queued_id))
+       WHERE g.id = ? RETURNING last_indexed_id`,
+      [group.id]
+    )
+    await db.from('fetch_ranges').where('group_id', group.id).where('status', 'done').delete()
+    return BigInt(rows[0].last_indexed_id)
+  }
+
+  /** Ranges that failed for good (for monitoring). */
+  async abandoned(group: Group) {
+    return db
+      .from('fetch_ranges')
+      .where('group_id', group.id)
+      .where('status', 'failed')
+      .where('requeues', '>=', MAX_REQUEUES)
+      .count('* as count')
+      .first()
+  }
+}
+
+export default new FetchRangeService()

app/services/IngestService.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
+import db from '@adonisjs/lucid/services/db'
+import logger from '@adonisjs/core/services/logger'
+import type { QueryClientContract } from '@adonisjs/lucid/types/database'
+import type { Knex } from 'knex'
+import QueueService from '#services/QueueService'
+import NameService from '#services/NameService'
+import { parseXrefGroups } from '#lib/nntp/xref'
+import { fileKey, parseSubject, weakFileKey } from '#lib/subject/index'
+import { releaseIdentity, type ReleaseIdentity } from '#lib/release/index'
+import { inferTotalParts, type YencMeta } from '#lib/yenc/index'
+
+/** One segment, with the identity of the file it belongs to already resolved. */
+export interface IngestSegment {
+  fileKey: string
+  poster: string
+  /** Subject without segment counter. */
+  subject: string
+  name: string
+  totalParts: number
+  number: number
+  /** Without angle brackets. */
+  messageId: string
+  bytes: number
+  articleNumber?: bigint | number
+  postedAt?: Date
+  groups: string[]
+  /**
+   * The identity comes from the yEnc name only (obfuscated posts). Such names
+   * can be shared by several equal-sized files of one post, so a second
+   * article for the same part number marks the binary as conflicted.
+   */
+  weakIdentity?: boolean
+  /** Release (download) this file belongs to, when it can be determined. */
+  release?: ReleaseIdentity | null
+  /** Exact file size from =ybegin (body-derived segments only). */
+  size?: number
+  /** yEnc CRCs (body-derived segments only), to verify split volumes. */
+  pcrc32?: string
+  partSize?: number
+  fileCrc32?: string
+  /** Part 1 only: MD5 of the first 16 KiB of the file, as par2 records it. */
+  md5_16k?: string
+}
+
+export interface CompletedBinary {
+  id: number
+  fileKey: string
+}
+
+const BINARY_CHUNK = 1000
+/** last_seen_at is only rewritten when it is older than this (it drives GC at 48 h). */
+const TOUCH_MS = 10 * 60 * 1000
+
+type Merge = 'least' | 'coalesce' | 'touch'
+
+/**
+ * Inserts rows keyed by `key` and returns their ids. Existing rows are not
+ * locked unless something in them changes (`least`: an earlier value,
+ * `coalesce`: a value where there was none, `touch`: a timestamp more than
+ * TOUCH_MS newer). Parallel fetch jobs see mostly the same rows, and
+ * `INSERT … ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE` made them wait on each other for every one.
+ */
+async function upsertKeyed(
+  knex: Knex,
+  table: 'binaries' | 'releases',
+  key: string,
+  rows: Record<string, unknown>[],
+  merge: Record<string, [Merge, string]>
+): Promise<Map<string, number>> {
+  const ids = new Map<string, number>()
+  if (rows.length === 0) return ids
+  const inserted: Record<string, any>[] = await knex(table).insert(rows).onConflict(key).ignore().returning(['id', key])
+  for (const row of inserted) ids.set(row[key], Number(row.id))
+
+  const incoming = new Map(rows.filter((r) => !ids.has(r[key] as string)).map((r) => [r[key] as string, r]))
+  if (incoming.size === 0) return ids
+  const columns = Object.keys(merge)
+  const existing: Record<string, any>[] = await knex(table).whereIn(key, [...incoming.keys()]).select('id', key, ...columns)
+
+  const changes: Record<string, unknown>[] = []
+  for (const row of existing) {
+    ids.set(row[key], Number(row.id))
+    const next = incoming.get(row[key])!
+    const changed = columns.some((column) => {
+      const [kind] = merge[column]
+      const current = row[column]
+      const value = next[column]
+      if (value === null || value === undefined) return false
+      if (kind === 'coalesce') return current === null
+      if (kind === 'least') return current === null || value < current
+      return current === null || +(value as Date) - +current > TOUCH_MS
+    })
+    if (changed) changes.push({ id: Number(row.id), ...Object.fromEntries(columns.map((c) => [c, next[c] ?? null])) })
+  }
+  if (changes.length === 0) return ids
+
+  const set = columns
+    .map((c) => {
+      const [kind] = merge[c]
+      const fn = kind === 'least' ? 'least' : kind === 'touch' ? 'greatest' : 'coalesce'
+      return `${c} = ${fn}(t.${c}, v.${c})`
+    })
+    .join(', ')
+  const types = columns.map((c) => `${c} ${merge[c][1]}`).join(', ')
+  changes.sort((a, b) => (a.id as number) - (b.id as number))
+  for (let attempt = 1; ; attempt++) {
+    try {
+      await knex.raw(
+        `UPDATE ${table} t SET ${set}
+         FROM jsonb_to_recordset(?::jsonb) AS v(id bigint, ${types})
+         WHERE t.id = v.id`,
+        [JSON.stringify(changes)]
+      )
+      return ids
+    } catch (error: any) {
+      // Rare now, but two jobs can still update overlapping rows in a different order.
+      if (error.code !== '40P01' || attempt >= 3) throw error
+    }
+  }
+}
+/** Size-only matching below this is too ambiguous (nfo, sfv, small volumes). */
+export const PAR2_SIZE_ONLY_MIN = 1024 * 1024
+/** A par2 set and its files are posted together; don't match across days. */
+export const PAR2_MATCH_WINDOW_SECONDS = 12 * 60 * 60
+const PART_CHUNK = 2000
+
+function chunks<T>(items: T[], size: number): T[][] {
+  const result: T[][] = []
+  for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i += size) result.push(items.slice(i, i + size))
+  return result
+}
+
+function validDate(date?: Date) {
+  return date && !Number.isNaN(date.getTime()) ? date : null
+}
+
+/** An XOVER overview entry as returned by nntp-js. */
+export type OverviewHeader = Record<string, string>
+
+function common(header: OverviewHeader, groupName: string, articleNumber?: bigint | number) {
+  const xrefGroups = parseXrefGroups(header.xref)
+  return {
+    poster: header.from ?? '',
+    messageId: (header['message-id'] ?? '').replace(/^<|>$/g, ''),
+    bytes: Number.parseInt(header[':bytes'] ?? '0', 10) || 0,
+    articleNumber,
+    postedAt: header.date ? new Date(header.date) : undefined,
+    groups: xrefGroups.length > 0 ? xrefGroups : [groupName],
+  }
+}
+
+/** Builds a segment from the subject line; null when the subject is obfuscated. */
+export function segmentFromHeader(
+  header: OverviewHeader,
+  groupName: string,
+  articleNumber?: bigint | number
+): IngestSegment | null {
+  const parsed = header.subject ? parseSubject(header.subject) : null
+  if (!parsed || !header['message-id']) return null
+  const base = common(header, groupName, articleNumber)
+  return {
+    ...base,
+    fileKey: fileKey(base.poster, parsed.base, parsed.totalSegments),
+    subject: parsed.base,
+    name: parsed.name,
+    totalParts: parsed.totalSegments,
+    number: parsed.segment,
+    release: releaseIdentity({ poster: base.poster, subject: parsed.base, name: parsed.name, weak: false }),
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Builds a segment for an obfuscated post from the yEnc header in its body.
+ * Subject and poster can be random per article, so the identity comes from
+ * the yEnc header only (see weakFileKey).
+ */
+export function segmentFromYenc(
+  header: OverviewHeader,
+  groupName: string,
+  meta: Pick<YencMeta, 'begin' | 'part'> & Partial<Pick<YencMeta, 'end'>>,
+  articleNumber?: bigint | number
+): IngestSegment | null {
+  const base = common(header, groupName, articleNumber)
+  const totalParts = inferTotalParts(meta)
+  const number = meta.begin.part ?? 1
+  if (!base.messageId || number < 1 || number > totalParts) return null
+  const subject = `"${meta.begin.name}" yEnc`
+  return {
+    ...base,
+    fileKey: weakFileKey(meta.begin.name, meta.begin.size, totalParts),
+    subject,
+    name: meta.begin.name,
+    totalParts,
+    number,
+    weakIdentity: true,
+    release: releaseIdentity({ poster: base.poster, subject, name: meta.begin.name, weak: true }),
+    size: meta.begin.size,
+    // Single-part posts only carry crc32, which is then also the part's CRC.
+    pcrc32: meta.end?.pcrc32 ?? (meta.part ? undefined : meta.end?.crc32),
+    partSize: meta.part ? meta.part.end - meta.part.begin + 1 : meta.begin.size,
+    fileCrc32: meta.end?.crc32,
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Stores segments in `binaries`/`parts` and queues every binary that became
+ * complete exactly once. Idempotent: ingesting the same segments again is a
+ * no-op. See CONCEPT.md (D12).
+ */
+class IngestService {
+  async ingest(segments: IngestSegment[]): Promise<CompletedBinary[]> {
+    if (segments.length === 0) return []
+
+    // Short statements, no enclosing transaction: every step is idempotent, and
+    // row locks held for a whole batch made parallel fetch jobs wait on each other.
+    const binaryIds = await (async () => {
+      const knex = db.connection().getWriteClient()
+      const now = new Date()
+      const releaseIds = await this.upsertReleases(knex, segments, now)
+
+      // One row per file_key (ON CONFLICT cannot touch a row twice per statement),
+      // sorted so concurrent workers lock rows in the same order and cannot deadlock.
+      const binaries = new Map<string, Record<string, unknown>>()
+      for (const segment of segments) {
+        const postedAt = validDate(segment.postedAt)
+        const existing = binaries.get(segment.fileKey)
+        if (existing) {
+          if (postedAt && (!existing.posted_at || postedAt < (existing.posted_at as Date))) {
+            existing.posted_at = postedAt
+          }
+          continue
+        }
+        binaries.set(segment.fileKey, {
+          file_key: segment.fileKey,
+          poster: segment.poster,
+          subject: segment.subject,
+          name: segment.name,
+          total_parts: segment.totalParts,
+          groups: JSON.stringify(segment.groups),
+          posted_at: postedAt,
+          first_seen_at: now,
+          last_seen_at: now,
+          release_id: segment.release ? releaseIds.get(segment.release.key) : null,
+          size: segment.size ?? null,
+          md5_16k: segment.md5_16k ?? null,
+        })
+      }
+      const binaryRows = [...binaries.values()].sort((a, b) =>
+        (a.file_key as string).localeCompare(b.file_key as string)
+      )
+
+      const idsByKey = new Map<string, number>()
+      for (const chunk of chunks(binaryRows, BINARY_CHUNK)) {
+        const ids = await upsertKeyed(knex, 'binaries', 'file_key', chunk, {
+          last_seen_at: ['touch', 'timestamptz'],
+          posted_at: ['least', 'timestamptz'],
+          release_id: ['coalesce', 'bigint'],
+          md5_16k: ['coalesce', 'varchar'],
+        })
+        for (const [key, id] of ids) idsByKey.set(key, id)
+      }
+
+      const partRows = segments
+        .map((segment) => ({
+          binary_id: idsByKey.get(segment.fileKey)!,
+          number: segment.number,
+          message_id: segment.messageId,
+          bytes: segment.bytes,
+          article_number: segment.articleNumber?.toString() ?? null,
+          pcrc32: segment.pcrc32 ?? null,
+          part_size: segment.partSize ?? null,
+          file_crc32: segment.fileCrc32 ?? null,
+          md5_16k: segment.md5_16k ?? null,
+        }))
+      const weakRows = partRows.filter((_, i) => segments[i].weakIdentity)
+
+      partRows.sort((a, b) => a.binary_id - b.binary_id || a.number - b.number)
+      for (const chunk of chunks(partRows, PART_CHUNK)) {
+        await knex('parts').insert(chunk).onConflict(['binary_id', 'number']).ignore()
+      }
+
+      if (weakRows.length > 0) await this.flagConflicts(db.connection(), weakRows)
+
+      return [...idsByKey.values()]
+    })()
+
+    // par2 naming needs a size, which only body-derived segments have; for
+    // header batches these queries were most of Postgres' work.
+    const sized = [...new Set(segments.filter((s) => s.size != null).map((s) => s.fileKey))]
+    if (sized.length > 0) {
+      const sizedIds = (await db.from('binaries').whereIn('file_key', sized).select('id')).map((r) => Number(r.id))
+      await this.matchPar2Releases(sizedIds)
+      await NameService.resolve(sizedIds)
+    }
+
+    // After commit, so the last writer of a binary always sees all of its parts.
+    const completed = await this.claimCompleted(binaryIds)
+    await this.enqueue(completed)
+    return completed
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates or touches the releases referenced by `segments` and returns
+   * their ids by release key. Also used by `release:rebuild`.
+   */
+  async upsertReleases(
+    knex: Knex,
+    segments: Pick<IngestSegment, 'release' | 'poster' | 'groups' | 'postedAt' | 'weakIdentity'>[],
+    now = new Date()
+  ): Promise<Map<string, number>> {
+    const releases = new Map<string, Record<string, unknown>>()
+    for (const segment of segments) {
+      const release = segment.release
+      if (!release) continue
+      const postedAt = validDate(segment.postedAt)
+      const existing = releases.get(release.key)
+      if (existing) {
+        if (postedAt && (!existing.posted_at || postedAt < (existing.posted_at as Date))) {
+          existing.posted_at = postedAt
+        }
+        // Not every file carries the [i/M] counter (e.g. a par2 index): take it from any that does.
+        if (existing.file_total === null && release.fileTotal) existing.file_total = release.fileTotal
+        continue
+      }
+      releases.set(release.key, {
+        release_key: release.key,
+        name: release.name,
+        // Obfuscating posters randomise the poster, so it says nothing about the release.
+        poster: segment.weakIdentity ? null : segment.poster,
+        file_total: release.fileTotal ?? null,
+        source: release.source,
+        groups: JSON.stringify(segment.groups),
+        posted_at: postedAt,
+        first_seen_at: now,
+        last_seen_at: now,
+      })
+    }
+
+    const ids = new Map<string, number>()
+    const rows = [...releases.values()].sort((a, b) =>
+      (a.release_key as string).localeCompare(b.release_key as string)
+    )
+    for (const chunk of chunks(rows, BINARY_CHUNK)) {
+      const result = await upsertKeyed(knex, 'releases', 'release_key', chunk, {
+        last_seen_at: ['touch', 'timestamptz'],
+        posted_at: ['least', 'timestamptz'],
+        file_total: ['coalesce', 'integer'],
+        source: ['coalesce', 'varchar'],
+      })
+      for (const [key, id] of result) ids.set(key, id)
+    }
+    return ids
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assigns body-derived binaries without a release and without a
+   * fingerprint to a known par2 set by size: only when that size is listed
+   * once in the set, the file is large, and exactly one set nearby lists it.
+   * Binaries with a fingerprint are matched exactly by NameService instead.
+   */
+  async matchPar2Releases(binaryIds: number[]) {
+    if (binaryIds.length === 0) return
+    await db.rawQuery(
+      `UPDATE binaries b SET release_id = m.release_id
+       FROM (
+         SELECT b2.id, min(rf.release_id) AS release_id
+         FROM binaries b2
+         JOIN release_files rf ON rf.size = b2.size
+         JOIN releases r ON r.id = rf.release_id
+         WHERE b2.id = ANY(?) AND b2.release_id IS NULL AND b2.md5_16k IS NULL AND b2.size >= ?
+           AND abs(extract(epoch FROM (r.posted_at - b2.posted_at))) < ?
+           AND (SELECT count(*) FROM release_files x WHERE x.release_id = rf.release_id AND x.size = rf.size) = 1
+         GROUP BY b2.id
+         HAVING count(DISTINCT rf.release_id) = 1
+       ) m
+       WHERE b.id = m.id`,
+      [binaryIds, PAR2_SIZE_ONLY_MIN, PAR2_MATCH_WINDOW_SECONDS]
+    )
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Flags binaries where a stored part has a different message-id and a
+   * different part CRC than the incoming one: two files were merged under
+   * one identity. Identical reposts (same CRC) are ignored.
+   */
+  private async flagConflicts(
+    trx: QueryClientContract,
+    rows: {
+      binary_id: number
+      number: number
+      message_id: string
+      bytes: number
+      article_number: string | null
+      pcrc32: string | null
+      part_size: number | null
+      file_crc32: string | null
+      md5_16k: string | null
+    }[]
+  ) {
+    const bindings = [
+      rows.map((r) => r.binary_id),
+      rows.map((r) => r.number),
+      rows.map((r) => r.message_id),
+      rows.map((r) => r.bytes),
+      rows.map((r) => r.article_number),
+      rows.map((r) => r.pcrc32),
+      rows.map((r) => r.part_size),
+      rows.map((r) => r.file_crc32),
+      rows.map((r) => r.md5_16k),
+    ]
+    // Keep the extra articles: SplitService separates the volumes from them.
+    const conflicts = await trx.rawQuery(
+      `INSERT INTO part_conflicts (binary_id, number, message_id, bytes, article_number, pcrc32, part_size, file_crc32, md5_16k)
+       SELECT v.binary_id, v.number, v.message_id, v.bytes, v.article_number, v.pcrc32, v.part_size, v.file_crc32, v.md5_16k
+       FROM unnest(?::bigint[], ?::int[], ?::text[], ?::int[], ?::bigint[], ?::text[], ?::int[], ?::text[], ?::text[])
+         AS v(binary_id, number, message_id, bytes, article_number, pcrc32, part_size, file_crc32, md5_16k)
+       JOIN parts p ON p.binary_id = v.binary_id AND p.number = v.number
+       WHERE p.message_id <> v.message_id
+         -- Same part CRC: the same data posted again (a repost), not another file.
+         AND (p.pcrc32 IS NULL OR v.pcrc32 IS NULL OR p.pcrc32 <> v.pcrc32)
+       ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING
+       RETURNING binary_id`,
+      bindings as any
+    )
+    const binaryIds: number[] = [
+      ...new Set<number>(conflicts.rows.map((r: { binary_id: string }) => Number(r.binary_id))),
+    ]
+    if (binaryIds.length === 0) return
+    const result = await trx.rawQuery(
+      `UPDATE binaries SET conflicted_at = now()
+       WHERE conflicted_at IS NULL AND id = ANY(?) RETURNING name`,
+      [binaryIds]
+    )
+    for (const row of result.rows) {
+      logger.warn(`Binary "${row.name}" has conflicting parts; it will be split into volumes.`)
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Marks complete binaries among `binaryIds` as claimed. The single UPDATE
+   * locks each row, so concurrent callers never claim the same binary twice.
+   */
+  async claimCompleted(binaryIds: number[]): Promise<CompletedBinary[]> {
+    if (binaryIds.length === 0) return []
+    const result = await db.rawQuery(
+      `UPDATE binaries b SET completed_at = now()
+       WHERE b.id = ANY(?) AND b.completed_at IS NULL AND b.conflicted_at IS NULL
+         AND (SELECT count(*) FROM parts p WHERE p.binary_id = b.id) >= b.total_parts
+       RETURNING b.id, b.file_key`,
+      [binaryIds]
+    )
+    return result.rows.map((row: { id: string; file_key: string }) => ({
+      id: Number(row.id),
+      fileKey: row.file_key,
+    }))
+  }
+
+  async enqueue(completed: CompletedBinary[]) {
+    if (completed.length === 0) return
+    // jobId = file_key: BullMQ ignores an add() for an id that already exists.
+    await QueueService.fileQueue.addBulk(
+      completed.map(({ id, fileKey }) => ({
+        name: 'process-file',
+        data: { binaryId: id },
+        opts: { jobId: fileKey },
+      }))
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+export default new IngestService()

app/services/NameService.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+import db from '@adonisjs/lucid/services/db'
+import { looksRandom } from '#services/ArchiveService'
+
+/**
+ * A release that is nothing more than one randomly named file (its own
+ * filename stem). Such a file moves into the par2 set that names it exactly;
+ * real groupings (par2, RAR, NZB, spot, subject, post id) are left alone.
+ */
+export const WEAK_RELEASE_SQL = (column: string) =>
+  `EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM releases wr WHERE wr.id = ${column} AND wr.source IN ('stem', 'weak-stem')
+     AND wr.file_count <= 1 AND (wr.name !~ '[._ -]' OR NOT is_readable_name(wr.name)))`
+
+/**
+ * Whether `candidate` (e.g. from a par2 listing) should replace `current`:
+ * the current name is random, or a single token without separators
+ * (mOzyyxCyYUj, F8lv3w5agMDI3; too short for looksRandom), while the
+ * candidate reads like a release name.
+ */
+export function isBetterName(current: string, candidate: string): boolean {
+  if (looksRandom(candidate) || !/[._ -]/.test(candidate)) return false
+  return looksRandom(current) || !/[._ -]/.test(current)
+}
+
+/** Smaller files (nfo, sfv) collide too easily on size alone. */
+const MIN_SIZE_ONLY = 64 * 1024
+
+/**
+ * Gives binaries (and their files) the real filename that a par2 set lists
+ * for them. See CONCEPT.md (D21).
+ * - Exact: size and MD5 of the first 16 KiB both match a par2 entry. This
+ *   also puts the binary in that par2 set's release.
+ * - Size only, when the fingerprint is unknown: within the binary's own
+ *   release, only when exactly one listed file has that size.
+ */
+class NameService {
+  async resolve(binaryIds: number[]): Promise<number> {
+    if (binaryIds.length === 0) return 0
+    const exact = await db.rawQuery(
+      `UPDATE binaries b SET real_name = m.name,
+         release_id = CASE WHEN b.release_id IS NULL OR ${WEAK_RELEASE_SQL('b.release_id')} THEN m.release_id ELSE b.release_id END
+       FROM (
+         SELECT DISTINCT ON (b2.id) b2.id, rf.name, rf.release_id
+         FROM binaries b2
+         JOIN release_files rf ON rf.size = b2.size AND rf.md5_16k = b2.md5_16k
+         WHERE b2.id = ANY(?)
+         ORDER BY b2.id, rf.release_id DESC
+       ) m
+       WHERE b.id = m.id AND (b.real_name IS DISTINCT FROM m.name OR b.release_id IS NULL
+         OR (b.release_id <> m.release_id AND ${WEAK_RELEASE_SQL('b.release_id')}))`,
+      [binaryIds]
+    )
+    const bySize = await db.rawQuery(
+      `UPDATE binaries b SET real_name = m.name
+       FROM (
+         SELECT b2.id, min(rf.name) AS name
+         FROM binaries b2
+         JOIN release_files rf ON rf.release_id = b2.release_id AND rf.size = b2.size
+         WHERE b2.id = ANY(?) AND b2.real_name IS NULL AND b2.md5_16k IS NULL AND b2.size >= ?
+         GROUP BY b2.id
+         HAVING count(DISTINCT rf.name) = 1
+       ) m
+       WHERE b.id = m.id`,
+      [binaryIds, MIN_SIZE_ONLY]
+    )
+    await db.rawQuery(
+      `UPDATE files f SET real_name = b.real_name,
+         release_id = CASE WHEN f.release_id IS NULL OR ${WEAK_RELEASE_SQL('f.release_id')} THEN coalesce(b.release_id, f.release_id) ELSE f.release_id END
+       FROM binaries b
+       WHERE b.id = ANY(?) AND b.file_id = f.id
+         AND (f.real_name IS DISTINCT FROM b.real_name OR (f.release_id IS NULL AND b.release_id IS NOT NULL)
+           OR (f.release_id <> b.release_id AND ${WEAK_RELEASE_SQL('f.release_id')}))`,
+      [binaryIds]
+    )
+    return (exact.rowCount ?? 0) + (bySize.rowCount ?? 0)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * When a par2 set arrives: the binaries it can name, i.e. those matching
+   * one of its entries exactly (size + first-16-KiB MD5) and those in its
+   * release. Selecting every binary of the listed sizes instead picked up
+   * hundreds of thousands of equal-sized volumes per set (LOG.md 2026-09-28 (18)).
+   */
+  async resolveForRelease(releaseId: number): Promise<number> {
+    const { rows } = await db.rawQuery(
+      `SELECT b.id FROM release_files rf
+       JOIN binaries b ON b.md5_16k = rf.md5_16k AND b.size = rf.size
+       WHERE rf.release_id = ?
+       UNION
+       SELECT id FROM binaries WHERE release_id = ? AND size IS NOT NULL`,
+      [releaseId, releaseId]
+    )
+    return this.resolve(rows.map((r: { id: string }) => Number(r.id)))
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Repair for data from before files moved into the par2 set that names them
+ * (used by `release:rename`): regroups exact matches out of random-named
+ * single-file releases, then renames par2 releases that still carry a
+ * random name after their listing. No downloads.
+ */
+export async function regroupAndRenameFromPar2(): Promise<{ regrouped: number; renamed: number }> {
+  const { rows } = await db.rawQuery(
+    `SELECT DISTINCT b.id FROM binaries b
+     JOIN release_files rf ON rf.md5_16k = b.md5_16k AND rf.size = b.size
+     WHERE b.release_id IS DISTINCT FROM rf.release_id
+       AND (b.release_id IS NULL OR ${WEAK_RELEASE_SQL('b.release_id')})`
+  )
+  const ids = rows.map((r: { id: string }) => Number(r.id))
+  for (let i = 0; i < ids.length; i += 1000) await nameService.resolve(ids.slice(i, i + 1000))
+
+  const { par2ReleaseName } = await import('#lib/release/index')
+  const listings = await db.rawQuery(
+    `SELECT r.id, r.name, array_agg(rf.name) AS names FROM releases r
+     JOIN release_files rf ON rf.release_id = r.id GROUP BY r.id, r.name`
+  )
+  let renamed = 0
+  for (const release of listings.rows) {
+    const better = par2ReleaseName(release.names)
+    if (!better || better === release.name || !isBetterName(release.name, better)) continue
+    await db.from('releases').where('id', release.id).update({ name: better })
+    renamed++
+  }
+  return { regrouped: ids.length, renamed }
+}
+
+const nameService = new NameService()
+export default nameService

app/services/NntpService.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import nntpConfig from '#config/nntp'
 import { NNTP } from "nntp-js";
+import { parseGroupResponse, type GroupInfo } from '#lib/nntp/group'
 
 class NntpService {
   private readonly poolSize: number;
@@ -14,23 +15,27 @@ class NntpService {
     this.idleConnections = [];
     this.waiters = [];
     this.createdCount = 0;
-    console.log(`NNTP Pool initialized with size ${this.poolSize}`)
   }
 
   private async _createConnection() {
-    // This connection logic is based on the older, working pool implementation.
     const conn = new NNTP(nntpConfig.host, nntpConfig.port);
+    try {
       await conn.connect();
       if (nntpConfig.user) {
         await conn.login(nntpConfig.user, nntpConfig.password?.release());
       }
+    } catch (error) {
+      // Free the slot, otherwise a failed connect shrinks the pool for good.
+      this.createdCount--;
+      this._destroy(conn);
+      throw error;
+    }
     this.allConnections.add(conn);
     return conn;
   }
 
   public async acquire() {
     if (this.idleConnections.length > 0) {
-        console.log('Reusing existing connection from pool.');
       return this.idleConnections.pop();
     }
 
@@ -40,28 +45,70 @@ class NntpService {
       return this._createConnection();
     }
 
-      console.log(`Pool maxed out at ${this.poolSize}. Waiting for a connection to become available.`);
     return new Promise(resolve => this.waiters.push(resolve));
   }
 
-  public release(conn: any) {
-    if (this.waiters.length > 0) {
-        console.log('Releasing connection directly to a waiting task.');
+  /**
+   * Returns a connection to the pool. Pass `failed` when a command on it
+   * threw: the connection may be dead (e.g. closed by the server while idle),
+   * so it is discarded instead of being handed to the next job.
+   */
+  public release(conn: any, failed = false) {
+    if (failed) {
+      this.discard(conn);
+      return;
+    }
     const resolve = this.waiters.shift();
-      if(resolve) resolve(conn);
+    if (resolve) {
+      resolve(conn);
     } else {
-        console.log('Returning connection to the idle pool.');
       this.idleConnections.push(conn);
     }
   }
 
+  /** Closes a broken connection and frees its slot for a new one. */
+  public discard(conn: any) {
+    this.allConnections.delete(conn);
+    this.createdCount--;
+    this._destroy(conn);
+
+    // Someone is waiting for a slot: open a fresh connection for them.
+    const resolve = this.waiters.shift();
+    if (resolve) {
+      this.createdCount++;
+      this._createConnection().then(resolve, () => this.waiters.unshift(resolve));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private _destroy(conn: any) {
+    try {
+      conn.sock?.destroy();
+    } catch {
+      // already closed
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Selects a group and returns its correctly parsed article range. */
+  public async selectGroup(conn: any, name: string): Promise<GroupInfo> {
+    const { resp } = await conn.group(name)
+    return parseGroupResponse(resp)
+  }
+
+  /** Fetches a raw (still dot-stuffed) article body as a Buffer. */
+  public async fetchBody(conn: any, messageId: string): Promise<Buffer> {
+    const id = messageId.startsWith('<') ? messageId : `<${messageId}>`
+    const { data } = await conn.body(id)
+    return Buffer.from(data.buffer, data.byteOffset, data.byteLength)
+  }
+
   public async shutdown() {
     console.log('Shutting down all connections in the pool.');
-    const shutdownPromises: Promise<any>[] = [];
-    for (const conn of this.allConnections) {
-      shutdownPromises.push(conn.quit());
-    }
-    await Promise.all(shutdownPromises);
+    // A connection the server already closed may never answer QUIT.
+    const quit = (conn: any) =>
+      Promise.race([conn.quit(), new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 2000).unref())])
+        .catch(() => {})
+        .finally(() => this._destroy(conn));
+    await Promise.all([...this.allConnections].map(quit));
     this.allConnections.clear();
     this.idleConnections.length = 0;
     this.waiters.length = 0;
@@ -69,4 +116,4 @@ class NntpService {
   }
 }
 
-export default new NntpService();
+export default new NntpService(nntpConfig.poolSize);

app/services/NzbImportService.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+import { createHash } from 'node:crypto'
+import db from '@adonisjs/lucid/services/db'
+import logger from '@adonisjs/core/services/logger'
+import IngestService from '#services/IngestService'
+import { type ReleaseIdentity } from '#lib/release/index'
+import { parseNzb, type ParsedNzb } from '#lib/nzb/index'
+import { parseSubject } from '#lib/subject/index'
+import { fileStem } from '#lib/release/index'
+import { looksRandom } from '#services/ArchiveService'
+
+export interface NzbImportResult {
+  releaseId: number
+  releaseName: string
+  listed: number
+  known: number
+  added: number
+  password: boolean
+}
+
+/** Filename of an NZB entry, from its subject (tolerating odd quoting). */
+export function nzbFileName(subject: string): string {
+  const parsed = parseSubject(subject)
+  const name = parsed?.name ?? /"([^"]+)"/.exec(subject)?.[1] ?? subject
+  return name.trim().replace(/^"+|"+$/g, '').trim() || subject.trim()
+}
+
+export interface NzbImportOptions {
+  /**
+   * For NZBs inside an archive: the entry's name. It keeps several NZBs of
+   * one archive apart and names their release when the NZB has no name.
+   */
+  entryName?: string
+  /** Move the posted file into the release the NZB describes (default true). */
+  moveContainer?: boolean
+  /** A name given with the NZB (e.g. a Spotnet title); wins over the NZB's own. */
+  name?: string
+  /** Release source for new releases (default `nzb`). */
+  source?: ReleaseIdentity['source']
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads an NZB that was posted to Usenet into the index (CONCEPT.md D26).
+ * Files it lists that are already known (by first segment) keep their
+ * release, which the NZB then joins; the others are added as files, so posts
+ * spread over groups we do not index still become complete.
+ */
+class NzbImportService {
+  async import(nzbFile: any, xml: string, options: NzbImportOptions = {}): Promise<NzbImportResult | null> {
+    const nzb = parseNzb(xml)
+    if (!nzb || nzb.files.length === 0) return null
+
+    const entries = nzb.files.map((f) => ({
+      file: f,
+      name: nzbFileName(f.subject),
+      firstId: f.segments[0].id,
+    }))
+
+    return db.transaction(async (trx) => {
+      const known = await trx
+        .from('files')
+        .whereRaw(`(message_ids->'1'->>'id') = ANY(?)`, [entries.map((e) => e.firstId)])
+        .select('id', 'release_id', `message_ids`)
+      const knownIds = new Set(known.map((f) => f.message_ids?.['1']?.id))
+
+      // Join the release the listed files are already in, else the posted NZB's own, else a new one.
+      const counts = new Map<number, number>()
+      for (const f of known) if (f.release_id) counts.set(Number(f.release_id), (counts.get(Number(f.release_id)) ?? 0) + 1)
+      let releaseId: number | undefined = [...counts].sort((a, b) => b[1] - a[1])[0]?.[0]
+      const title = options.name?.trim() || this.title(nzb, nzbFile, entries.map((e) => e.name), options.entryName)
+      if (!releaseId) {
+        const origin = `nzb\n${nzbFile.message_ids?.['1']?.id ?? nzbFile.id}`
+        const key = createHash('sha1').update(options.entryName ? `${origin}\n${options.entryName}` : origin).digest('hex')
+        const ids = await IngestService.upsertReleases(trx.knexClient, [
+          {
+            release: { key, name: title, source: options.source ?? 'nzb' },
+            poster: nzbFile.poster,
+            groups: nzbFile.groups ?? [],
+            postedAt: nzbFile.date ? new Date(Number(nzbFile.date)) : undefined,
+          },
+        ])
+        releaseId = ids.get(key)!
+      }
+
+      const now = new Date()
+      const missing = entries.filter((e) => !knownIds.has(e.firstId))
+      for (let i = 0; i < missing.length; i += 500) {
+        await trx
+          .knexClient('files')
+          .insert(
+            missing.slice(i, i + 500).map(({ file, name, firstId }) => ({
+              file_key: createHash('sha1').update(`nzb-file\n${firstId}`).digest('hex'),
+              filename: name,
+              poster: file.poster || nzbFile.poster,
+              date: (file.date || Math.floor(Number(nzbFile.date) / 1000)) * 1000,
+              parts: file.segments.length,
+              size: file.segments.reduce((sum, s) => sum + s.bytes, 0),
+              message_ids: JSON.stringify(Object.fromEntries(file.segments.map((s) => [s.number, { id: s.id, size: s.bytes }]))),
+              groups: JSON.stringify(file.groups),
+              release_id: releaseId,
+              created_at: now,
+              updated_at: now,
+            }))
+          )
+          .onConflict('file_key')
+          .ignore()
+      }
+      // The poster's NZB says which files form the post: known files join this
+      // release, also when name rules had split them over several.
+      const previous = [...new Set(known.map((f) => f.release_id).filter((id) => id && Number(id) !== releaseId))]
+      await trx
+        .from('files')
+        .whereIn('id', known.filter((f) => Number(f.release_id) !== releaseId).map((f) => f.id))
+        .update({ release_id: releaseId })
+      if (previous.length) {
+        await trx.rawQuery(
+          `UPDATE binaries b SET release_id = ? FROM files f WHERE b.file_id = f.id AND f.release_id = ? AND b.release_id IS DISTINCT FROM ?`,
+          [releaseId, releaseId, releaseId]
+        )
+        await trx.from('releases').whereIn('id', previous).where('file_count', 0).delete()
+      }
+      // The NZB file joins the release it describes, unless it is part of a real release already.
+      const own = nzbFile.release_id ? Number(nzbFile.release_id) : null
+      if (own !== releaseId && options.moveContainer !== false) {
+        const ownRelease = own ? await trx.from('releases').where('id', own).first() : null
+        if (!ownRelease || ownRelease.file_count <= 1) {
+          await trx.from('files').where('id', nzbFile.id).update({ release_id: releaseId })
+          if (own) await trx.from('releases').where('id', own).where('file_count', 0).delete()
+        }
+      }
+
+      const release = await trx.from('releases').where('id', releaseId).first()
+      const update: Record<string, unknown> = {}
+      if (nzb.meta.password) update.password = nzb.meta.password
+      if (!release.file_total) update.file_total = entries.length
+      if ((looksRandom(release.name) || release.source === 'post') && !looksRandom(title)) update.name = title
+      if (Object.keys(update).length) await trx.from('releases').where('id', releaseId).update(update)
+
+      const result = {
+        releaseId,
+        releaseName: (update.name as string) ?? release.name,
+        listed: entries.length,
+        known: known.length,
+        added: missing.length,
+        password: Boolean(nzb.meta.password),
+      }
+      logger.info(
+        `NZB "${options.entryName ? `${nzbFile.filename}:${options.entryName}` : nzbFile.filename}" → release ${releaseId} "${result.releaseName}": ${result.listed} files listed, ` +
+          `${result.known} known, ${result.added} added${result.password ? ', with password' : ''}.`
+      )
+      return result
+    })
+  }
+
+  /** Release name: the NZB's meta name, else the NZB's (entry or file) name, else its largest file's stem. */
+  private title(nzb: ParsedNzb, nzbFile: any, names: string[], entryName?: string): string {
+    if (nzb.meta.name) return nzb.meta.name
+    const entry = entryName ? fileStem(entryName.split(/[\\/]/).pop() ?? entryName) : ''
+    if (entry && !looksRandom(entry)) return entry
+    const own = fileStem(String(nzbFile.real_name ?? nzbFile.filename ?? ''))
+    if (own && !looksRandom(own)) return own
+    const largest = nzb.files
+      .map((f, i) => ({ name: names[i], bytes: f.segments.reduce((s, x) => s + x.bytes, 0) }))
+      .sort((a, b) => b.bytes - a.bytes)[0]
+    return fileStem(largest?.name ?? own)
+  }
+}
+
+export default new NzbImportService()

app/services/Par2Service.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+import db from '@adonisjs/lucid/services/db'
+import logger from '@adonisjs/core/services/logger'
+import NntpService from '#services/NntpService'
+import IngestService, { PAR2_MATCH_WINDOW_SECONDS } from '#services/IngestService'
+import { decodeSegment, YencFile } from '#lib/yenc/index'
+import { isPar2, parsePar2, type Par2Set } from '#lib/par2/index'
+import { par2ReleaseIdentity, par2ReleaseName } from '#lib/release/index'
+import NameService, { WEAK_RELEASE_SQL, isBetterName } from '#services/NameService'
+
+/** Par2 index files are small; recovery volumes can be large and are not needed. */
+const MAX_PARTS = 20
+/** Size-only matching below this is too ambiguous. */
+const SIZE_ONLY_MIN = 1024 * 1024
+
+function countBy<T>(values: T[]): Map<T, number> {
+  const counts = new Map<T, number>()
+  for (const value of values) counts.set(value, (counts.get(value) ?? 0) + 1)
+  return counts
+}
+
+export interface Par2Result {
+  releaseId: number
+  releaseName: string
+  listed: number
+  matched: number
+}
+
+/**
+ * Recognises releases of obfuscated posts from their par2 files: the par2
+ * lists the real name and exact size of every file in the set, and
+ * body-derived binaries carry their exact size. See CONCEPT.md (D16).
+ */
+class Par2Service {
+  /**
+   * Reads a par2 file whose first segment is already decoded, downloading the
+   * remaining parts if there are any. Returns null when it is not par2.
+   */
+  async read(first: Buffer, messageIds: Record<string, { id: string }>): Promise<Par2Set | null> {
+    if (!isPar2(first)) return null
+    const ids = Object.entries(messageIds)
+      .sort(([a], [b]) => Number(a) - Number(b))
+      .map(([, part]) => part.id)
+    if (ids.length > MAX_PARTS) return null
+    if (ids.length === 1) return parsePar2(first)
+
+    let assembled: YencFile | undefined
+    const conn = await NntpService.acquire()
+    let failed = false
+    try {
+      for (const id of ids) {
+        const segment = decodeSegment(await NntpService.fetchBody(conn, id))
+        assembled ??= YencFile.fromSegment(segment)
+        assembled.add(segment)
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      failed = true
+      throw error
+    } finally {
+      NntpService.release(conn, failed)
+    }
+    return parsePar2(assembled!.getBuffer())
+  }
+
+  async attach(binary: any, set: Par2Set): Promise<Par2Result> {
+    const result = await db.transaction(async (trx) => {
+      // Exact: size and first-16-KiB MD5 of a listed file. Only these may pull
+      // the set into a release the files already belong to; size alone is
+      // ambiguous across posts (standard volume sizes recur).
+      const exact = await trx
+        .from('binaries')
+        .whereIn(['size', 'md5_16k'] as any, set.files.map((f) => [f.length, f.md5_16k]) as any)
+        .select('id', 'release_id')
+
+      // Size only, for files without a fingerprint: the size must be listed
+      // once in this set, be large, and belong to exactly one binary nearby.
+      const listedOnce = [...countBy(set.files.map((f) => f.length))]
+        .filter(([size, n]) => n === 1 && size >= SIZE_ONLY_MIN)
+        .map(([size]) => size)
+      const bySize = listedOnce.length
+        ? await trx
+            .from('binaries')
+            .whereIn('size', listedOnce)
+            .whereNull('md5_16k')
+            .whereRaw('abs(extract(epoch FROM (posted_at - ?::timestamptz))) < ?', [
+              binary.posted_at,
+              PAR2_MATCH_WINDOW_SECONDS,
+            ])
+            .select('id', 'release_id', 'size')
+        : []
+      const sizeCounts = countBy(bySize.map((b) => Number(b.size)))
+      const fuzzy = bySize.filter((b) => sizeCounts.get(Number(b.size)) === 1)
+      const candidates = [...exact, ...fuzzy]
+
+      // Prefer a release the exactly matched files are already in (e.g.
+      // obfuscated volumes grouped by their stem); otherwise the set's own.
+      const counts = countBy(exact.filter((c) => c.release_id).map((c) => Number(c.release_id)))
+      let releaseId = [...counts].sort((a, b) => b[1] - a[1])[0]?.[0]
+      const identity = par2ReleaseIdentity(
+        set.recoverySetId,
+        set.files.map((f) => f.name)
+      )
+      if (!releaseId) {
+        const ids = await IngestService.upsertReleases(trx.knexClient, [
+          {
+            release: identity,
+            poster: binary.poster,
+            weakIdentity: true,
+            groups: binary.groups,
+            postedAt: binary.posted_at ? new Date(binary.posted_at) : undefined,
+          },
+        ])
+        releaseId = ids.get(identity.key)!
+      }
+
+      await trx
+        .knexClient('release_files')
+        .insert(
+          set.files.map((f) => ({
+            release_id: releaseId,
+            par2_file_id: f.fileId,
+            name: f.name,
+            size: f.length,
+            md5_16k: f.md5_16k,
+            md5: f.md5,
+            set_id: set.recoverySetId,
+          }))
+        )
+        .onConflict(['release_id', 'par2_file_id'])
+        .ignore()
+
+      const matchIds = candidates.filter((c) => !c.release_id).map((c) => Number(c.id))
+      await trx.from('binaries').whereIn('id', [binary.id, ...matchIds]).whereNull('release_id').update({ release_id: releaseId })
+      // Exact matches sitting alone in a random-named release (one file of a
+      // season, each posted under its own random name) join the set's release.
+      await trx.rawQuery(
+        `UPDATE binaries b SET release_id = ? WHERE b.id = ANY(?) AND b.release_id <> ? AND ${WEAK_RELEASE_SQL('b.release_id')}`,
+        [releaseId, exact.map((c) => Number(c.id)), releaseId]
+      )
+      await trx.rawQuery(
+        `UPDATE files f SET release_id = b.release_id FROM binaries b
+         WHERE b.file_id = f.id AND b.release_id = ? AND f.release_id IS DISTINCT FROM b.release_id`,
+        [releaseId]
+      )
+
+      // The set may have joined a release named after one random filename.
+      let releaseName = (await trx.from('releases').where('id', releaseId).first())?.name
+      const better = par2ReleaseName(set.files.map((f) => f.name))
+      if (releaseName && better && isBetterName(releaseName, better)) {
+        await trx.from('releases').where('id', releaseId).update({ name: better })
+        releaseName = better
+      }
+      logger.info(
+        `Par2 set ${set.recoverySetId.slice(0, 8)} → release ${releaseId} "${releaseName}": ` +
+          `${set.files.length} files listed, ${matchIds.length} binaries matched by size.`
+      )
+      return { releaseId, releaseName, listed: set.files.length, matched: matchIds.length }
+    })
+
+    // Real names for every known file of the set (exact fingerprint, or size within the release).
+    await NameService.resolveForRelease(result.releaseId)
+    return result
+  }
+}
+
+export default new Par2Service()

app/services/QueueService.ts

@@ -1,29 +1,60 @@
-import { Queue } from 'bullmq'
+import { Queue, type DefaultJobOptions } from 'bullmq'
 import queueConfig from '#config/queue'
+import gcConfig from '#config/gc'
 
+const defaultJobOptions: DefaultJobOptions = {
+  // Transient NNTP errors (e.g. a pooled connection the server closed) are retried.
+  attempts: 3,
+  backoff: { type: 'exponential', delay: 2000 },
+  removeOnComplete: {
+    age: gcConfig.jobs.completedAgeSeconds,
+    count: gcConfig.jobs.completedMaxCount,
+  },
+  removeOnFail: { age: gcConfig.jobs.failedAgeSeconds },
+}
+
+/**
+ * Queues are created (and connect to Redis) on first use. Ace imports every
+ * command at boot, so eager queues would keep one-off commands from exiting.
+ */
 class QueueService {
-  public readonly nntpFetchQueue: Queue
-  public readonly headerQueue: Queue
-  public readonly fileQueue: Queue
-  public readonly bodyQueue: Queue
-  public readonly collectionQueue: Queue
+  private readonly queues = new Map<string, Queue>()
 
-  constructor() {
-    this.nntpFetchQueue = new Queue('nntp-fetch-queue', { connection: queueConfig.connection })
-    this.headerQueue = new Queue('header-queue', { connection: queueConfig.connection })
-    this.fileQueue = new Queue('file-queue', { connection: queueConfig.connection })
-    this.bodyQueue = new Queue('body-queue', { connection: queueConfig.connection })
-    this.collectionQueue = new Queue('collection-queue', { connection: queueConfig.connection })
+  private queue(name: string): Queue {
+    let queue = this.queues.get(name)
+    if (!queue) {
+      queue = new Queue(name, { connection: queueConfig.connection, defaultJobOptions })
+      this.queues.set(name, queue)
+    }
+    return queue
   }
 
+  get nntpFetchQueue() {
+    return this.queue('nntp-fetch-queue')
+  }
+  get fileQueue() {
+    return this.queue('file-queue')
+  }
+  get bodyQueue() {
+    return this.queue('body-queue')
+  }
+  get collectionQueue() {
+    return this.queue('collection-queue')
+  }
+
+  /** Queues no longer used by the pipeline, kept here so GC can empty them. */
+  get legacy(): Queue[] {
+    return [this.queue('header-queue')]
+  }
+
+  get all(): Queue[] {
+    return [this.nntpFetchQueue, this.fileQueue, this.bodyQueue, this.collectionQueue]
+  }
+
+  /** Closes the queues that were opened. */
   async closeAll() {
-    await Promise.all([
-      this.nntpFetchQueue.close(),
-      this.headerQueue.close(),
-      this.fileQueue.close(),
-      this.bodyQueue.close(),
-      this.collectionQueue.close(),
-    ])
+    await Promise.all([...this.queues.values()].map((queue) => queue.close()))
+    this.queues.clear()
   }
 }
 

app/services/RedisService.ts

@@ -4,11 +4,21 @@ import redisConfig from '#config/redis'
 const require = createRequire(import.meta.url)
 const IORedis = require('ioredis')
 
+/**
+ * Connects on first use. Ace imports every command at boot, so an eager
+ * connection would keep even `node ace list` from exiting.
+ */
 class RedisService {
-  public readonly client: any
+  private instance?: any
 
-  constructor() {
-    this.client = new IORedis(redisConfig.connections.main)
+  public get client(): any {
+    this.instance ??= new IORedis(redisConfig.connections.main)
+    return this.instance
+  }
+
+  async close() {
+    if (this.instance) await this.instance.quit()
+    this.instance = undefined
   }
 }
 

app/services/SearchService.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+import db from '@adonisjs/lucid/services/db'
+import { buildNzb } from '#lib/nzb/index'
+import SpotService from '#services/SpotService'
+
+export type SortOrder = 'newest' | 'oldest' | 'largest' | 'files' | 'name'
+
+export interface SearchParams {
+  q?: string
+  /** Only releases whose name is readable (not an obfuscated token). */
+  readable?: boolean
+  /** Only releases that have all their files. */
+  complete?: boolean
+  /** Hide password-protected releases. */
+  hideEncrypted?: boolean
+  source?: string
+  poster?: string
+  sort?: SortOrder
+  page?: number
+  perPage?: number
+  /** Newznab: exact category ids (already expanded from parents). */
+  categories?: number[]
+  /** Newznab: leave out releases known to be missing files. */
+  notIncomplete?: boolean
+  maxAgeDays?: number
+  /** TV: season and episode numbers, matched as S01E02 or 1x02 in the name. */
+  season?: number
+  episode?: number
+  /** Overrides `page` (Newznab uses offsets). */
+  offset?: number
+  /** Leave out releases that are only an encrypted container (nzbe). */
+  hideContainers?: boolean
+  /** Include incomplete releases that consist of par2 files only (hidden by default). */
+  includePar2Only?: boolean
+}
+
+const SORTS: Record<SortOrder, string> = {
+  newest: 'r.posted_at DESC NULLS LAST, r.id DESC',
+  oldest: 'r.posted_at ASC NULLS LAST, r.id ASC',
+  largest: 'r.size DESC, r.id DESC',
+  files: 'r.file_count DESC, r.id DESC',
+  name: 'r.name ASC, r.id ASC',
+}
+
+/**
+ * Shown in search: releases with files, and Spotnet listings whose NZB is
+ * fetched on first download (CONCEPT.md D29). Matches the partial indexes.
+ */
+const VISIBLE_SQL = `(r.file_count > 0 OR r.source = 'spot')`
+
+/** Incomplete, and every file is a par2 file: nothing to download but repair data. */
+const PAR2_ONLY_SQL = `(r.file_count > 0 AND NOT r.complete AND NOT EXISTS (
+  SELECT 1 FROM files f WHERE f.release_id = r.id
+    AND f.content_type IS DISTINCT FROM 'par2' AND f.filename !~* '\\.par2$'))`
+
+/** A search word as an ILIKE pattern; dots, underscores, dashes and spaces are interchangeable. */
+function pattern(word: string): string {
+  const escaped = word.replace(/[\\%]/g, (c) => `\\${c}`)
+  return `%${escaped.replace(/[._\- ]+/g, '_')}%`
+}
+
+/**
+ * Searching and browsing releases for the web interface (CONCEPT.md D22).
+ */
+class SearchService {
+  async search(params: SearchParams) {
+    const where: string[] = [
+      VISIBLE_SQL,
+      // Retracted by its poster or a Spotnet moderator (CONCEPT.md D29).
+      `NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM spots s WHERE s.release_id = r.id AND s.status = 'removed')`,
+    ]
+    const bindings: unknown[] = []
+
+    const words = (params.q ?? '').trim().split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean).slice(0, 8)
+    for (const word of words) {
+      const p = pattern(word)
+      // Every word must match the release name, a file name, or the archive contents.
+      // One trigram-indexed lookup per table, not a subquery per release.
+      where.push(`(r.name ILIKE ? OR r.contents::text ILIKE ?
+        OR r.id IN (SELECT f.release_id FROM files f WHERE f.filename ILIKE ? OR f.real_name ILIKE ?))`)
+      bindings.push(p, p, p, p)
+    }
+    if (params.readable) where.push('is_readable_name(r.name)')
+    if (params.hideEncrypted) where.push('r.encrypted IS NOT TRUE')
+    if (params.hideContainers) where.push('r.container IS NULL')
+    // par2 files whose data never arrived (e.g. uploads spread over groups we can't fetch).
+    if (!params.includePar2Only) where.push(`(${PAR2_ONLY_SQL}) IS NOT TRUE`)
+    // Kept current by triggers (migration …860).
+    if (params.complete) where.push('r.complete')
+    if (params.source) {
+      where.push('r.source = ?')
+      bindings.push(params.source)
+    }
+    if (params.poster) {
+      where.push('r.poster ILIKE ?')
+      bindings.push(pattern(params.poster))
+    }
+    if (params.categories?.length) {
+      where.push('r.category = ANY(?)')
+      bindings.push(params.categories)
+    }
+    if (params.notIncomplete) {
+      where.push(`(r.complete OR (r.file_total IS NULL AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM release_files rf WHERE rf.release_id = r.id)))`)
+    }
+    if (params.maxAgeDays) {
+      where.push(`r.posted_at >= now() - make_interval(days => ?)`)
+      bindings.push(params.maxAgeDays)
+    }
+    if (params.season !== undefined) {
+      const s = params.season
+      const e = params.episode
+      where.push('r.name ~* ?')
+      bindings.push(
+        e !== undefined
+          ? `(^|[._ -])(S0*${s}E0*${e}|0*${s}x0*${e})([^0-9]|$)`
+          : `(^|[._ -])(S0*${s}([._ -]|E\\d|$)|0*${s}x\\d)`
+      )
+    }
+
+    const perPage = Math.min(Math.max(params.perPage ?? 50, 1), 200)
+    const page = Math.max(params.page ?? 1, 1)
+    const offset = params.offset ?? (page - 1) * perPage
+    const order = SORTS[params.sort ?? 'newest'] ?? SORTS.newest
+    const whereSql = where.join(' AND ')
+
+    const [{ rows }, { rows: countRows }] = await Promise.all([
+      db.rawQuery(
+        `SELECT r.id, r.name, r.source, r.poster, r.groups, r.posted_at, r.file_total, r.file_count, r.category, r.container,
+                r.size, r.encrypted, is_readable_name(r.name) AS readable,
+                (SELECT count(*) FROM release_files rf WHERE rf.release_id = r.id) AS listed_files,
+                (SELECT count(*) FROM release_files rf WHERE rf.release_id = r.id AND EXISTS (
+                   SELECT 1 FROM files f JOIN binaries b ON b.file_id = f.id
+                   WHERE f.release_id = r.id AND (b.size = rf.size OR f.real_name = rf.name))) AS listed_present,
+                jsonb_array_length(coalesce(r.contents, '[]'::jsonb)) AS archive_entries,
+                r.complete, ${PAR2_ONLY_SQL} AS par2_only
+         FROM releases r WHERE ${whereSql}
+         ORDER BY ${order} LIMIT ? OFFSET ?`,
+        [...bindings, perPage, offset]
+      ),
+      db.rawQuery(`SELECT count(*) AS total FROM releases r WHERE ${whereSql}`, bindings),
+    ])
+
+    return {
+      page,
+      perPage,
+      offset,
+      total: Number(countRows[0].total),
+      releases: rows.map((r: any) => ({
+        id: Number(r.id),
+        name: r.name,
+        source: r.source,
+        poster: r.poster,
+        groups: r.groups,
+        postedAt: r.posted_at,
+        fileTotal: r.file_total,
+        fileCount: r.file_count,
+        size: Number(r.size),
+        encrypted: r.encrypted,
+        readable: r.readable,
+        listedFiles: Number(r.listed_files),
+        listedPresent: Number(r.listed_present),
+        archiveEntries: Number(r.archive_entries),
+        complete: r.complete,
+        category: r.category,
+        container: r.container,
+        par2Only: r.par2_only,
+      })),
+    }
+  }
+
+  async release(id: number) {
+    const release = await db.from('releases').where('id', id).first()
+    if (!release) return null
+
+    const [files, listed, pending] = await Promise.all([
+      db
+        .from('files as f')
+        .leftJoin('binaries as b', 'b.file_id', 'f.id')
+        .where('f.release_id', id)
+        .orderByRaw('coalesce(f.real_name, f.filename)')
+        .select('f.id', 'f.filename', 'f.real_name', 'f.size', 'f.parts', 'f.date', 'f.poster', 'b.size as exact_size'),
+      db.rawQuery(
+        `SELECT rf.name, rf.size,
+                EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM files f JOIN binaries b ON b.file_id = f.id
+                        WHERE f.release_id = rf.release_id AND (f.real_name = rf.name OR b.size = rf.size)) AS present
+         FROM release_files rf WHERE rf.release_id = ? ORDER BY rf.name`,
+        [id]
+      ),
+      db.rawQuery(
+        `SELECT count(*) AS binaries, coalesce(sum(b.total_parts), 0) AS parts_total,
+                coalesce(sum((SELECT count(*) FROM parts p WHERE p.binary_id = b.id)), 0) AS parts_have
+         FROM binaries b WHERE b.release_id = ? AND b.completed_at IS NULL AND b.conflicted_at IS NULL`,
+        [id]
+      ),
+    ])
+
+    const spot = release.source === 'spot'
+      ? await db.from('spots').where('release_id', id).select('tag', 'poster', 'category', 'website').first()
+      : null
+    return {
+      id: Number(release.id),
+      name: release.name,
+      source: release.source,
+      spot: spot ? { tag: spot.tag, poster: spot.poster, category: spot.category, website: spot.website } : null,
+      listingOnly: release.source === 'spot' && Number(release.file_count) === 0,
+      poster: release.poster,
+      groups: release.groups,
+      postedAt: release.posted_at,
+      fileTotal: release.file_total,
+      fileCount: release.file_count,
+      size: Number(release.size),
+      encrypted: release.encrypted,
+      container: release.container,
+      contents: release.contents ?? [],
+      files: files.map((f) => ({
+        id: Number(f.id),
+        name: f.real_name ?? f.filename,
+        postedName: f.filename,
+        realName: f.real_name,
+        size: Number(f.exact_size ?? f.size),
+        parts: f.parts,
+        postedAt: f.date ? new Date(Number(f.date)) : null,
+        poster: f.poster,
+      })),
+      par2Files: listed.rows.map((r: any) => ({ name: r.name, size: Number(r.size), present: r.present })),
+      pending: {
+        binaries: Number(pending.rows[0].binaries),
+        partsHave: Number(pending.rows[0].parts_have),
+        partsTotal: Number(pending.rows[0].parts_total),
+      },
+    }
+  }
+
+  async nzb(id: number): Promise<{ name: string; xml: string } | null> {
+    let release = await db.from('releases').where('id', id).first()
+    if (!release) return null
+    if (release.source === 'spot' && Number(release.file_count) === 0) {
+      // A Spotnet listing: read its NZB from Usenet now (the import may join known files elsewhere).
+      const imported = await SpotService.importListing(id)
+      if (!imported) return null
+      id = imported
+      release = await db.from('releases').where('id', id).first()
+    }
+    const files = await db
+      .from('files')
+      .where('release_id', id)
+      .orderByRaw('coalesce(real_name, filename)')
+      .select('filename', 'real_name', 'poster', 'date', 'groups', 'message_ids')
+    const xml = buildNzb(
+      files.map((f) => ({
+        name: f.real_name ?? f.filename,
+        poster: f.poster,
+        date: Number(f.date),
+        groups: f.groups?.length ? f.groups : ['alt.binaries.test'],
+        segments: f.message_ids,
+      })),
+      { title: release.name, password: release.password ?? undefined }
+    )
+    return { name: release.name, xml }
+  }
+
+  async stats() {
+    const { rows } = await db.rawQuery(`
+      SELECT (SELECT count(*) FROM releases r WHERE ${VISIBLE_SQL}) AS releases,
+             (SELECT count(*) FROM releases r WHERE ${VISIBLE_SQL} AND is_readable_name(name)) AS readable_releases,
+             (SELECT count(*) FROM files) AS files,
+             (SELECT coalesce(sum(size), 0) FROM files) AS size,
+             (SELECT count(*) FROM releases WHERE encrypted) AS encrypted_releases,
+             (SELECT max(updated_at) FROM groups) AS last_indexed_at,
+             (SELECT json_agg(json_build_object('source', source, 'releases', n) ORDER BY n DESC)
+                FROM (SELECT coalesce(source, 'unknown') AS source, count(*) AS n FROM releases r WHERE ${VISIBLE_SQL} GROUP BY 1) s) AS sources`)
+    const r = rows[0]
+    return {
+      releases: Number(r.releases),
+      readableReleases: Number(r.readable_releases),
+      files: Number(r.files),
+      size: Number(r.size),
+      encryptedReleases: Number(r.encrypted_releases),
+      lastIndexedAt: r.last_indexed_at,
+      sources: r.sources ?? [],
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export default new SearchService()

app/services/Shutdown.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { setTimeout as sleep } from 'node:timers/promises'
+
+/** After a signal, give cleanup this long before exiting anyway. */
+const FORCE_EXIT_MS = 25_000
+
+/**
+ * Graceful shutdown for the long-running commands. SIGTERM (docker stop) and
+ * SIGINT wake up `wait()` and `sleep()`, so workers can finish their active
+ * jobs and close their connections before the process exits.
+ */
+class Shutdown {
+  private readonly controller = new AbortController()
+
+  constructor() {
+    for (const signal of ['SIGTERM', 'SIGINT'] as const) {
+      process.once(signal, () => {
+        this.controller.abort()
+        setTimeout(() => process.exit(0), FORCE_EXIT_MS).unref()
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  get requested(): boolean {
+    return this.controller.signal.aborted
+  }
+
+  /** Resolves when a shutdown signal arrives. */
+  wait(): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.requested) return Promise.resolve()
+    return new Promise((resolve) =>
+      this.controller.signal.addEventListener('abort', () => resolve(), { once: true })
+    )
+  }
+
+  /** Sleeps, but returns early on shutdown. */
+  async sleep(ms: number): Promise<void> {
+    try {
+      await sleep(ms, undefined, { signal: this.controller.signal })
+    } catch {
+      // aborted by a shutdown signal
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export default new Shutdown()

app/services/SplitService.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+import { createHash } from 'node:crypto'
+import db from '@adonisjs/lucid/services/db'
+import IngestService from '#services/IngestService'
+import NameService from '#services/NameService'
+import { splitVerified } from '#lib/split/index'
+
+/** Conflicted binaries handled per run; the rest follow on the next tick. */
+const BATCH = 200
+
+export interface SplitResult {
+  parents: number
+  volumes: number
+  completed: number
+}
+
+/**
+ * Splits conflicted obfuscated binaries (several equal-sized files under one
+ * size+parts identity) into one binary per volume. Only volumes whose
+ * combined part CRCs match the file CRC of their last part are created, so a
+ * split can never produce a corrupt file; the rest waits for more articles.
+ * See CONCEPT.md (D20).
+ */
+class SplitService {
+  async splitPending(): Promise<SplitResult> {
+    const parents = await db
+      .from('binaries')
+      .whereNotNull('conflicted_at')
+      .whereNull('parent_binary_id')
+      // split_at = 'infinity' marks binaries that cannot be split (see migration …810).
+      .where((q) => q.whereNull('split_at').orWhereRaw('last_seen_at > split_at'))
+      // Most recently active first: those are the posts still coming in.
+      .orderBy('last_seen_at', 'desc')
+      .limit(BATCH)
+
+    const volumeIds: number[] = []
+    for (const parent of parents) {
+      volumeIds.push(...(await this.split(parent)))
+    }
+
+    // Former conflicts that turned out to be reposts (unflagged, keep their
+    // split_at): no new article may arrive to trigger their completion.
+    const unflagged = await db
+      .from('binaries')
+      .whereNull('conflicted_at')
+      .whereNull('completed_at')
+      .whereNull('parent_binary_id')
+      .whereNotNull('split_at')
+      .whereRaw("split_at <> 'infinity'")
+      .limit(BATCH)
+      .select('id')
+    volumeIds.push(...unflagged.map((b) => Number(b.id)))
+
+    await IngestService.matchPar2Releases(volumeIds)
+    await NameService.resolve(volumeIds)
+    const completed = await IngestService.claimCompleted(volumeIds)
+    await IngestService.enqueue(completed)
+    return { parents: parents.length, volumes: volumeIds.length, completed: completed.length }
+  }
+
+  /** Creates the newly verified volumes of one conflicted binary; returns their ids. */
+  private async split(parent: any): Promise<number[]> {
+    return db.transaction(async (trx) => {
+      // Unverified volumes from before verification existed can never complete.
+      await trx.from('binaries').where('parent_binary_id', parent.id).whereNull('completed_at').delete()
+
+      const { rows } = await trx.rawQuery(
+        `WITH taken AS (
+           SELECT p.message_id FROM parts p JOIN binaries v ON v.id = p.binary_id
+           WHERE v.parent_binary_id = ?
+         ), candidates AS (
+           SELECT number, message_id, bytes, article_number, pcrc32, part_size, file_crc32 FROM parts WHERE binary_id = ?
+           UNION ALL
+           SELECT number, message_id, bytes, article_number, pcrc32, part_size, file_crc32 FROM part_conflicts WHERE binary_id = ?
+         )
+         SELECT * FROM candidates WHERE message_id NOT IN (SELECT message_id FROM taken)`,
+        [parent.id, parent.id, parent.id]
+      )
+      const volumes = splitVerified(
+        rows.map((r: any) => ({
+          number: r.number,
+          messageId: r.message_id,
+          bytes: r.bytes,
+          articleNumber: r.article_number === null ? null : Number(r.article_number),
+          pcrc32: r.pcrc32,
+          partSize: r.part_size,
+          fileCrc32: r.file_crc32,
+        })),
+        { totalParts: parent.total_parts }
+      )
+
+      const now = new Date()
+      const ids: number[] = []
+      for (const articles of volumes) {
+        // A verified volume is fixed, so its first article identifies it.
+        const fileKey = createHash('sha1').update(`${parent.file_key}#${articles[0].messageId}`).digest('hex')
+        const inserted = await trx
+          .knexClient('binaries')
+          .insert({
+            file_key: fileKey,
+            poster: parent.poster,
+            subject: parent.subject,
+            name: parent.name,
+            total_parts: parent.total_parts,
+            groups: JSON.stringify(parent.groups),
+            posted_at: parent.posted_at,
+            size: parent.size,
+            release_id: parent.release_id,
+            parent_binary_id: parent.id,
+            first_seen_at: now,
+            last_seen_at: now,
+          })
+          .onConflict('file_key')
+          .ignore()
+          .returning('id')
+        if (inserted.length === 0) continue
+        const id = Number(inserted[0].id)
+        await trx.knexClient('parts').insert(
+          articles.map((a) => ({
+            binary_id: id,
+            number: a.number,
+            message_id: a.messageId,
+            bytes: a.bytes,
+            article_number: a.articleNumber,
+            pcrc32: a.pcrc32,
+            part_size: a.partSize,
+            file_crc32: a.fileCrc32,
+          }))
+        )
+        // The fingerprint of a volume is that of its part 1 article.
+        await trx.rawQuery(
+          `UPDATE binaries SET md5_16k = (
+             SELECT md5_16k FROM part_conflicts WHERE binary_id = ? AND message_id = ?
+             UNION ALL SELECT md5_16k FROM parts WHERE binary_id = ? AND message_id = ? LIMIT 1)
+           WHERE id = ?`,
+          [parent.id, articles[0].messageId, parent.id, articles[0].messageId, id]
+        )
+        ids.push(id)
+      }
+
+      await trx.from('binaries').where('id', parent.id).update({ split_at: now })
+      return ids
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+export default new SplitService()

app/services/SpotService.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+import db from '@adonisjs/lucid/services/db'
+import logger from '@adonisjs/core/services/logger'
+import indexerConfig from '#config/indexer'
+import NntpService from '#services/NntpService'
+import NzbImportService from '#services/NzbImportService'
+import { type OverviewHeader } from '#services/IngestService'
+import { parseNzb } from '#lib/nzb/index'
+import {
+  moderationTarget,
+  spotterId,
+  decodeSpotBinary,
+  parseSpotArticleHeaders,
+  parseSpotHeader,
+  parseSpotXml,
+  verifySpotHeader,
+  type SpotHeader,
+} from '#lib/spotnet/index'
+
+/** Spots whose NZB is larger than this are skipped (Spotweb skips >50 KB of XML too). */
+const MAX_NZB_SEGMENTS = 20
+/** A personal dispose only counts within this long after the spot (Spotweb: 5 days). */
+const DISPOSE_WINDOW_SECONDS = 5 * 24 * 60 * 60
+/** A claimed spot whose worker died is taken again after this long. */
+const RECLAIM_AFTER = '1 hour'
+
+export function isSpotGroup(name: string): boolean {
+  return indexerConfig.spotGroups.includes(name)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Spotnet (CONCEPT.md D29). Spots are signed posts in free.pt; their full
+ * header holds XML with the message ids of a compressed NZB, which is
+ * imported like a posted NZB (D26). Spot NZBs name many obfuscated posts
+ * (nyuu, ngPost, the skipped multi-group uploader).
+ */
+class SpotService {
+  /** Queues the spots among a batch of one spot group's headers. Returns how many. */
+  async recordHeaders(groupName: string, overviews: [number, OverviewHeader][]): Promise<number> {
+    const now = new Date()
+    const rows = []
+    for (const [articleNumber, header] of overviews) {
+      if (!header?.from || !header['message-id']) continue
+      const spot = parseSpotHeader(header.from, header.subject ?? '', header['message-id'], header.date)
+      if (!spot?.title) continue
+      rows.push({
+        message_id: spot.messageId,
+        group_name: groupName,
+        article_number: Number(articleNumber),
+        title: spot.title,
+        tag: spot.tag || null,
+        poster: spot.poster,
+        category: spot.category,
+        subcats: JSON.stringify(spot.subcats),
+        size: spot.size || null,
+        posted_at: spot.stamp ? new Date(spot.stamp * 1000) : null,
+        key_id: spot.keyId,
+        spotter_id: spotterId(spot.selfSignedPubKey) || null,
+        created_at: now,
+      })
+    }
+    if (rows.length === 0) return 0
+    await db.knexQuery().table('spots').insert(rows).onConflict('message_id').ignore()
+    return rows.length
+  }
+
+  /** Takes up to `limit` pending spots, oldest first; they are marked `processing`. */
+  async claim(limit: number): Promise<any[]> {
+    const { rows } = await db.rawQuery(
+      `UPDATE spots SET status = 'processing', processed_at = now()
+       WHERE message_id IN (
+         SELECT message_id FROM spots
+         WHERE status = 'pending' OR (status = 'processing' AND processed_at < now() - interval '${RECLAIM_AFTER}')
+         ORDER BY created_at, article_number LIMIT ? FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED)
+       RETURNING *`,
+      [limit]
+    )
+    return rows
+  }
+
+  /** Verifies the spot on its raw header, then reads and imports its NZB. Returns the new status. */
+  async process(spot: any): Promise<string> {
+    const update: Record<string, unknown> = { processed_at: new Date(), error: null }
+    try {
+      const raw = await this.fetch(`HEAD <${spot.message_id}>`)
+      const { headers, xml } = parseSpotArticleHeaders(raw.toString('latin1'))
+      // The signature covers the ISO-8859-1 bytes, which the overview (read as UTF-8) may have mangled.
+      const header = parseSpotHeader(headers.from ?? '', headers.subject ?? '', spot.message_id, headers.date)
+      if (!header || !verifySpotHeader(header)) {
+        update.status = 'unverified'
+      } else if (moderationTarget(header)) {
+        update.status = 'moderation'
+        await this.moderate(header, moderationTarget(header)!)
+      } else {
+        const parsed = parseSpotXml(xml)
+        update.title = header.title
+        update.poster = header.poster
+        update.spotter_id = spotterId(header.selfSignedPubKey) || null
+        if (parsed?.website) update.website = parsed.website
+        const segments = parsed?.nzbSegments ?? []
+        if (segments.length === 0 || segments.length > MAX_NZB_SEGMENTS) {
+          update.status = 'no-nzb'
+        } else {
+          const bodies = []
+          for (const id of segments) bodies.push(await this.fetch(`BODY <${id.replace(/^<|>$/g, '')}>`))
+          const nzbXml = decodeSpotBinary(bodies).toString('utf8')
+          const nzb = parseNzb(nzbXml)
+          if (!nzb || nzb.files.length === 0) {
+            update.status = 'no-nzb'
+          } else {
+            const groups = [...new Set(nzb.files.flatMap((f) => f.groups))]
+            const result = await NzbImportService.import(
+              {
+                id: null,
+                filename: `${header.title}.nzb`,
+                poster: header.poster,
+                groups,
+                date: header.stamp * 1000,
+                message_ids: { '1': { id: spot.message_id } },
+              },
+              nzbXml,
+              { name: header.title, source: 'spot', moveContainer: false }
+            )
+            update.status = result ? 'imported' : 'no-nzb'
+            if (result) update.release_id = result.releaseId
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (error: any) {
+      update.status = 'failed'
+      update.error = String(error.message).slice(0, 500)
+      logger.warn(`Spot ${spot.message_id} "${spot.title}": ${error.message}`)
+    }
+    await db.from('spots').where('message_id', spot.message_id).update(update)
+    return update.status as string
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Applies a delete/dispose/remove: the target spot is marked `removed`
+   * (its release is then hidden from search). As in Spotweb, a personal
+   * dispose must come from the same spotter within 5 days; a moderator's
+   * (signed with Spotnet's key, no personal key) always counts.
+   */
+  private async moderate(header: SpotHeader, targetId: string) {
+    const target = await db.from('spots').where('message_id', targetId).first()
+    if (!target) return
+    const personal = header.selfSignedPubKey.length > 50 ? spotterId(header.selfSignedPubKey) : ''
+    if (personal) {
+      const age = header.stamp - (target.posted_at ? new Date(target.posted_at).getTime() / 1000 : 0)
+      if (target.spotter_id !== personal || age > DISPOSE_WINDOW_SECONDS) return
+    }
+    await db.from('spots').where('message_id', targetId).update({ status: 'removed' })
+    logger.info(`Spot "${target.title}" removed by ${personal ? 'its poster' : 'a moderator'}.`)
+  }
+
+  /** One HEAD or BODY, as raw bytes. */
+  private async fetch(command: string): Promise<Buffer> {
+    const conn = await NntpService.acquire()
+    let failed = false
+    try {
+      const { data } = await conn._artcmd(command)
+      return Buffer.from(data.buffer, data.byteOffset, data.byteLength)
+    } catch (error: any) {
+      // 430 (no such article) is an answer, not a broken connection.
+      failed = !/^4\d\d/.test(String(error.message))
+      throw error
+    } finally {
+      NntpService.release(conn, failed)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export default new SpotService()

app/services/YencFile.ts

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-import { decode } from 'simple-yenc'
-
-export class YencFile {
-  private buffer: Buffer | null = null
-
-  public processPart(partBuffer: Buffer) {
-    // This is a simplified implementation.
-    // simple-yenc's decode function is synchronous and works on a full buffer.
-    // A more complex implementation would handle multi-part decoding.
-    this.buffer = decode(partBuffer)
-  }
-
-  public getBuffer(): Buffer {
-    if (!this.buffer) {
-      throw new Error('No data has been processed yet.')
-    }
-    return this.buffer
-  }
-}

app/services/YencService.ts

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-export function parseYencMeta(buffer: Buffer): { header: Record<string, any>; crc32?: string } {
-  const text = buffer.toString('latin1')
-  const lines = text.split(/\\r?\\n/)
-
-  const header: Record<string, any> = {}
-  let crc32: string | undefined
-
-  for (const line of lines) {
-    if (line.startsWith('=ybegin')) {
-      const parts = line.split(' ')
-      parts.forEach((part) => {
-        if (part.includes('=')) {
-          const [key, value] = part.split('=')
-          if (key === 'name') {
-            header[key] = value.trim()
-          } else {
-            header[key] = parseInt(value, 10)
-          }
-        }
-      })
-    } else if (line.startsWith('=ypart')) {
-      const match = /begin=(\d+)/.exec(line)
-      if (match) {
-        header.partBegin = parseInt(match[1], 10)
-      }
-    } else if (line.startsWith('=yend')) {
-      const match = /crc32=([a-fA-F0-9]+)/.exec(line)
-      if (match) {
-        crc32 = match[1]
-      }
-      break // End of yenc data
-    }
-  }
-
-  return { header, crc32 }
-}

commands/BodyQueuePrune.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+import { BaseCommand, flags } from '@adonisjs/core/ace'
+import { CommandOptions } from '@adonisjs/core/types/ace'
+import indexerConfig from '#config/indexer'
+import QueueService from '#services/QueueService'
+import RedisService from '#services/RedisService'
+import DeferredService, { isDeferred } from '#services/DeferredService'
+
+const BATCH = 2000
+
+/** Rebuilds the wait list (KEYS[1]) without the ids in the set KEYS[2], in one atomic pass. */
+const FILTER_LIST = `
+local ids = redis.call('LRANGE', KEYS[1], 0, -1)
+local keep = {}
+for _, id in ipairs(ids) do
+  if redis.call('SISMEMBER', KEYS[2], id) == 0 then keep[#keep + 1] = id end
+end
+redis.call('DEL', KEYS[1])
+for i = 1, #keep, 5000 do
+  redis.call('RPUSH', KEYS[1], unpack(keep, i, math.min(i + 4999, #keep)))
+end
+return #ids - #keep`
+
+/**
+ * Removes waiting body jobs whose message-id is on the skip or defer list,
+ * e.g. after adding a pattern (CONCEPT.md D24, D28). Deferred ones are
+ * recorded in deferred_files first, so they can still be processed later.
+ */
+export default class BodyQueuePrune extends BaseCommand {
+  public static commandName = 'body-queue:prune'
+  public static description = 'Drops waiting body jobs that are now skipped or deferred.'
+
+  public static options: CommandOptions = {
+    startApp: true,
+  }
+
+  @flags.boolean({ description: 'Only count' })
+  declare dryRun: boolean
+
+  @flags.boolean({ description: 'Drop deferred jobs without recording them (already recorded by an earlier run)' })
+  declare skipRecord: boolean
+
+  public async run() {
+    const redis = RedisService.client
+    const queue = QueueService.bodyQueue
+    const waitKey = queue.toKey('wait')
+    let skipped = 0
+    let deferred = 0
+    let scanned = 0
+    const dropped: string[] = []
+    try {
+      const ids: string[] = await redis.lrange(waitKey, 0, -1)
+      for (let i = 0; i < ids.length; i += BATCH) {
+        const batch = ids.slice(i, i + BATCH)
+        const data: [Error | null, string | null][] = await batch
+          .reduce((pipeline, id) => pipeline.hget(queue.toKey(id), 'data'), redis.pipeline())
+          .exec()
+        const drop: string[] = []
+        const toDefer = new Map<string, { articleNumber: number; header: Record<string, string> }[]>()
+        batch.forEach((id, j) => {
+          const job = data[j][1] ? JSON.parse(data[j][1]!) : null
+          if (!job?.header) return
+          const messageId = job.header['message-id'] ?? ''
+          if (isDeferred(job.header)) {
+            const list = toDefer.get(job.group) ?? []
+            list.push({ articleNumber: Number(job.articleNumber), header: job.header })
+            toDefer.set(job.group, list)
+            drop.push(id)
+            deferred++
+          } else if (indexerConfig.skipBodyMessageIds.some((re) => re.test(messageId))) {
+            drop.push(id)
+            skipped++
+          }
+        })
+        scanned += batch.length
+        if (this.dryRun || drop.length === 0) continue
+        if (!this.skipRecord) for (const [group, articles] of toDefer) await DeferredService.record(group, articles)
+        dropped.push(...drop)
+      }
+      if (dropped.length > 0) {
+        const dropKey = queue.toKey('prune-ids')
+        await redis.del(dropKey)
+        for (let i = 0; i < dropped.length; i += BATCH) await redis.sadd(dropKey, ...dropped.slice(i, i + BATCH))
+        await redis.eval(FILTER_LIST, 2, waitKey, dropKey)
+        await redis.del(dropKey)
+        for (let i = 0; i < dropped.length; i += BATCH) {
+          await redis.unlink(...dropped.slice(i, i + BATCH).map((id) => queue.toKey(id)))
+        }
+      }
+      this.logger.info(
+        `Scanned ${scanned} waiting body jobs: ${this.dryRun ? 'would drop' : 'dropped'} ${deferred} deferred and ${skipped} skipped.`
+      )
+    } finally {
+      await QueueService.closeAll()
+      await RedisService.close()
+    }
+  }
+}

commands/ContentBackfill.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import { BaseCommand, flags } from '@adonisjs/core/ace'
+import { CommandOptions } from '@adonisjs/core/types/ace'
+import db from '@adonisjs/lucid/services/db'
+import QueueService from '#services/QueueService'
+import ContentService from '#services/ContentService'
+
+const BATCH = 1000
+
+/**
+ * Queues completed files for content inspection (names and groupings from
+ * par2 and RAR headers, CONCEPT.md D21) that were completed before it
+ * existed. Costs one article download per file, done by worker:collection.
+ */
+export default class ContentBackfill extends BaseCommand {
+  public static commandName = 'content:backfill'
+  public static description = 'Queues existing files with random names for content inspection.'
+
+  public static options: CommandOptions = {
+    startApp: true,
+  }
+
+  @flags.number({ description: 'Queue at most this many files' })
+  declare limit?: number
+
+  @flags.boolean({ description: 'Also files that were inspected before (after release:rebuild --reset-content)' })
+  declare all: boolean
+
+  @flags.boolean({ description: 'Only archives whose listing contains NZBs, to import those (CONCEPT.md D28)' })
+  declare archiveNzbs: boolean
+
+  public async run() {
+    let lastId = 0
+    let queued = 0
+    try {
+      while (!this.limit || queued < this.limit) {
+        // Files never inspected: no fingerprint on their binary and no archive listing.
+        const query = db
+          .from('files as f')
+          .join('binaries as b', 'b.file_id', 'f.id')
+          .where('f.id', '>', lastId)
+        if (this.archiveNzbs) query.whereRaw(`f.archive::text ~* '\\.nzb"'`)
+        else if (!this.all) query.whereNull('b.md5_16k').whereNull('f.archive')
+        const files = await query
+          .orderBy('f.id')
+          .limit(BATCH)
+          .select('f.id', 'f.filename')
+        if (files.length === 0) break
+        lastId = Number(files.at(-1).id)
+
+        const jobs = files
+          .filter((f) => ContentService.isCandidate(f.filename))
+          .slice(0, this.limit ? this.limit - queued : undefined)
+          .map((f) => ({
+            name: 'process-collection',
+            data: { fileId: Number(f.id) },
+            // A new id per run: BullMQ ignores an add() for an id it still knows.
+            // Targeted backfills go ahead of whatever is waiting.
+            opts: { jobId: `content-${f.id}-${Date.now()}`, lifo: this.archiveNzbs },
+          }))
+        if (jobs.length > 0) await QueueService.collectionQueue.addBulk(jobs)
+        queued += jobs.length
+      }
+      this.logger.info(`Queued ${queued} files for content inspection.`)
+    } finally {
+      await QueueService.closeAll()
+    }
+  }
+}

commands/DeferredExpandRanges.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import { BaseCommand, flags } from '@adonisjs/core/ace'
+import { CommandOptions } from '@adonisjs/core/types/ace'
+import NntpService from '#services/NntpService'
+import QueueService from '#services/QueueService'
+import DeferredService from '#services/DeferredService'
+
+/**
+ * Sends recorded deferred ranges (fully obfuscated ngPost articles, CONCEPT.md
+ * D28) to the body queue, oldest first. Every article in them is downloaded:
+ * their headers can't be grouped into files.
+ */
+export default class DeferredExpandRanges extends BaseCommand {
+  public static commandName = 'deferred:expand-ranges'
+  public static description = 'Queues the bodies of deferred article ranges (costly: every article is downloaded).'
+
+  public static options: CommandOptions = {
+    startApp: true,
+  }
+
+  @flags.number({ description: 'Ranges to expand', default: 10 })
+  declare limit: number
+
+  public async run() {
+    try {
+      const { ranges, articles } = await DeferredService.expandRanges(this.limit)
+      this.logger.info(`Expanded ${ranges} ranges: ${articles} articles sent to the body queue.`)
+    } finally {
+      await NntpService.shutdown()
+      await QueueService.closeAll()
+    }
+  }
+}

commands/GcScheduler.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+import { BaseCommand, flags } from '@adonisjs/core/ace'
+import { CommandOptions } from '@adonisjs/core/types/ace'
+import type { Queue } from 'bullmq'
+import db from '@adonisjs/lucid/services/db'
+import gcConfig from '#config/gc'
+import QueueService from '#services/QueueService'
+import RedisService from '#services/RedisService'
+import Shutdown from '#services/Shutdown'
+
+const CLEAN_BATCH = 1000
+const SCAN_COUNT = 1000
+
+export default class GcScheduler extends BaseCommand {
+  public static commandName = 'gc:scheduler'
+  public static description = 'Periodically removes old BullMQ jobs and stale binaries.'
+
+  public static options: CommandOptions = {
+    startApp: true,
+  }
+
+  @flags.boolean({ description: 'Run one sweep and exit' })
+  declare once: boolean
+
+  @flags.boolean({ description: 'Report what would be removed without changing anything' })
+  declare dryRun: boolean
+
+  public async run() {
+    this.logger.info(
+      `GC started (interval ${gcConfig.intervalMs / 1000}s${this.dryRun ? ', dry run' : ''}).`
+    )
+
+    try {
+      do {
+        try {
+          await this.sweep()
+        } catch (err: any) {
+          this.logger.error(`GC sweep failed: ${err.message}`)
+        }
+        if (!this.once) await Shutdown.sleep(gcConfig.intervalMs)
+      } while (!this.once && !Shutdown.requested)
+    } finally {
+      await QueueService.closeAll()
+      await RedisService.close()
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async sweep() {
+    const { completedAgeSeconds, failedAgeSeconds } = gcConfig.jobs
+    for (const queue of [...QueueService.all, ...QueueService.legacy]) {
+      const completed = await this.cleanJobs(queue, 'completed', completedAgeSeconds)
+      const failed = await this.cleanJobs(queue, 'failed', failedAgeSeconds)
+      if (completed || failed) {
+        this.logger.info(
+          `${queue.name}: ${this.verb('remove', 'removed')} ${completed} completed and ${failed} failed jobs.`
+        )
+      }
+    }
+
+    const trimmed = await this.trimBodyQueue()
+    if (trimmed) this.logger.info(`Body queue: ${this.verb('drop', 'dropped')} ${trimmed} oldest waiting jobs.`)
+
+    const binaries = await this.deleteStaleBinaries()
+    this.logger.info(`Binaries: ${this.verb('delete', 'deleted')} ${binaries} stale.`)
+
+    if (!this.dryRun) {
+      const budget = Date.now() + gcConfig.deleteBudgetMs
+      const parts = await this.dropCopiedParts(budget)
+      const single = await this.deleteSingleArticleBinaries(budget)
+      const releases = await this.deleteEmptyReleases(budget)
+      if (parts || single || releases) {
+        this.logger.info(
+          `Space: ${parts} copied parts, ${single} single-article binaries, ${releases} empty releases deleted.`
+        )
+      }
+    }
+
+    const deferred = await this.deleteOldDeferredFiles()
+    if (deferred) this.logger.info(`Deferred files: ${this.verb('delete', 'deleted')} ${deferred} past retention.`)
+
+    const { expired, scanned } = await this.expireLegacyPendingFiles()
+    if (scanned > 0) {
+      this.logger.info(
+        `Legacy pending files: scanned ${scanned}, ${this.verb('set a TTL on', 'set a TTL on')} ${expired} without expiry.`
+      )
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Drops the oldest waiting body jobs above gcConfig.bodyQueueMax. BullMQ
+   * workers take jobs from the right end of the wait list, so the oldest are
+   * there.
+   */
+  private async trimBodyQueue(): Promise<number> {
+    const redis = RedisService.client
+    const key = QueueService.bodyQueue.toKey('wait')
+    const excess = (await redis.llen(key)) - gcConfig.bodyQueueMax
+    if (excess <= 0 || this.dryRun) return Math.max(excess, 0)
+    let dropped = 0
+    while (dropped < excess) {
+      const ids: string[] = (await redis.rpop(key, Math.min(5000, excess - dropped))) ?? []
+      if (ids.length === 0) break
+      await redis.unlink(...ids.map((id) => QueueService.bodyQueue.toKey(id)))
+      dropped += ids.length
+    }
+    return dropped
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Deletes binaries (and, by cascade, their parts) that received no segment
+   * for `staleAfterSeconds`: incomplete ones are given up on; completed ones
+   * already live on in `files`; conflicted ones will never become a file.
+   * Completed ones still waiting for worker:file are kept.
+   */
+  private async deleteStaleBinaries(): Promise<number> {
+    const query = db
+      .from('binaries')
+      .where('last_seen_at', '<', new Date(Date.now() - gcConfig.binaries.staleAfterSeconds * 1000))
+      .where((q) =>
+        q.whereNull('completed_at').orWhereNotNull('file_id').orWhereNotNull('conflicted_at')
+      )
+
+    if (this.dryRun) {
+      const [{ count }] = await query.count('* as count')
+      return Number(count)
+    }
+    return Number(await query.delete())
+  }
+
+  private async deleteOldDeferredFiles(): Promise<number> {
+    const cutoff = new Date(Date.now() - gcConfig.deferredRetentionDays * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)
+    let total = 0
+    for (const [table, column] of [['deferred_files', 'first_seen_at'], ['deferred_ranges', 'created_at']]) {
+      const query = db.from(table).where(column, '<', cutoff)
+      if (this.dryRun) {
+        const [{ count }] = await query.count('* as count')
+        total += Number(count)
+      } else {
+        total += Number(await query.delete())
+      }
+    }
+    return total
+  }
+
+  // Keyset cursors over the tables, kept between sweeps so one pass over
+  // millions of rows is spread over several sweeps.
+  private singleCursor = 0
+  private releaseCursor = 0
+
+  /** Parts of header-derived binaries that are a file already (worker:file now drops them itself). */
+  private async dropCopiedParts(budget: number): Promise<number> {
+    let total = 0
+    while (Date.now() < budget) {
+      const result = await db.rawQuery(
+        `DELETE FROM parts WHERE binary_id IN (
+           SELECT b.id FROM binaries b
+           WHERE b.file_id IS NOT NULL AND b.size IS NULL
+             AND EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM parts p WHERE p.binary_id = b.id)
+           LIMIT ?)`,
+        [500]
+      )
+      total += result.rowCount ?? 0
+      if (!result.rowCount) break
+    }
+    return total
+  }
+
+  /** Header-derived binaries that never got a second article (gcConfig.binaries.singleArticleAfterSeconds). */
+  private async deleteSingleArticleBinaries(budget: number): Promise<number> {
+    const cutoff = new Date(Date.now() - gcConfig.binaries.singleArticleAfterSeconds * 1000)
+    let total = 0
+    while (Date.now() < budget) {
+      const { rows } = await db.rawQuery(
+        `WITH batch AS (
+           SELECT id FROM binaries WHERE id > ? ORDER BY id LIMIT ?
+         ), gone AS (
+           DELETE FROM binaries b USING batch
+           WHERE b.id = batch.id AND b.completed_at IS NULL AND b.size IS NULL AND b.total_parts > 1
+             AND b.last_seen_at < ? AND (SELECT count(*) FROM parts p WHERE p.binary_id = b.id) <= 1
+           RETURNING 1)
+         SELECT (SELECT max(id) FROM batch) AS last, (SELECT count(*) FROM gone) AS deleted`,
+        [this.singleCursor, gcConfig.deleteBatch, cutoff]
+      )
+      total += Number(rows[0].deleted)
+      if (rows[0].last === null) {
+        this.singleCursor = 0
+        break
+      }
+      this.singleCursor = Number(rows[0].last)
+    }
+    return total
+  }
+
+  /** Releases nothing refers to any more: no files, binaries, par2 listing or spot. */
+  private async deleteEmptyReleases(budget: number): Promise<number> {
+    const cutoff = new Date(Date.now() - gcConfig.emptyReleaseAfterSeconds * 1000)
+    let total = 0
+    while (Date.now() < budget) {
+      const { rows } = await db.rawQuery(
+        `WITH batch AS (
+           SELECT id FROM releases WHERE id > ? ORDER BY id LIMIT ?
+         ), gone AS (
+           DELETE FROM releases r USING batch
+           WHERE r.id = batch.id AND r.file_count = 0 AND r.first_seen_at < ?
+             AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM binaries b WHERE b.release_id = r.id)
+             AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM files f WHERE f.release_id = r.id)
+             AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM release_files rf WHERE rf.release_id = r.id)
+             AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM spots s WHERE s.release_id = r.id)
+           RETURNING 1)
+         SELECT (SELECT max(id) FROM batch) AS last, (SELECT count(*) FROM gone) AS deleted`,
+        [this.releaseCursor, gcConfig.deleteBatch, cutoff]
+      )
+      total += Number(rows[0].deleted)
+      if (rows[0].last === null) {
+        this.releaseCursor = 0
+        break
+      }
+      this.releaseCursor = Number(rows[0].last)
+    }
+    return total
+  }
+
+  /** Removes jobs in `state` that finished more than `ageSeconds` ago. */
+  private async cleanJobs(queue: Queue, state: 'completed' | 'failed', ageSeconds: number) {
+    const graceMs = ageSeconds * 1000
+    if (this.dryRun) {
+      const cutoff = Date.now() - graceMs
+      // Finished-job sets are sorted by finishedOn, so a score range counts them cheaply.
+      return RedisService.client.zcount(queue.toKey(state), '-inf', cutoff)
+    }
+
+    let total = 0
+    let removed: string[]
+    do {
+      removed = await queue.clean(graceMs, CLEAN_BATCH, state)
+      total += removed.length
+    } while (removed.length === CLEAN_BATCH)
+    return total
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Pending-file hashes of the old header worker (and the pre-AdonisJS app)
+   * never expire. Give them a TTL rather than deleting them outright.
+   */
+  private async expireLegacyPendingFiles() {
+    const redis = RedisService.client
+    const { prefix, ttlSeconds } = gcConfig.legacyPendingFiles
+    let cursor = '0'
+    let scanned = 0
+    let expired = 0
+
+    do {
+      const [next, keys]: [string, string[]] = await redis.scan(
+        cursor,
+        'MATCH',
+        `${prefix}*`,
+        'COUNT',
+        SCAN_COUNT
+      )
+      cursor = next
+      if (keys.length === 0) continue
+      scanned += keys.length
+
+      const ttls: [Error | null, number][] = await keys
+        .reduce((pipeline, key) => pipeline.ttl(key), redis.pipeline())
+        .exec()
+      const orphaned = keys.filter((_, i) => ttls[i][1] === -1)
+      expired += orphaned.length
+
+      if (!this.dryRun && orphaned.length > 0) {
+        await orphaned
+          .reduce((pipeline, key) => pipeline.expire(key, ttlSeconds, 'NX'), redis.pipeline())
+          .exec()
+      }
+    } while (cursor !== '0')
+
+    return { scanned, expired }
+  }
+
+  private verb(present: string, past: string) {
+    return this.dryRun ? `would ${present}` : past
+  }
+}

commands/GroupAdd.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import { BaseCommand, args, flags } from '@adonisjs/core/ace'
+import { CommandOptions } from '@adonisjs/core/types/ace'
+import Group from '#models/group'
+import NntpService from '#services/NntpService'
+import { parseGroupResponse } from '#lib/nntp/group'
+
+/**
+ * Adds newsgroups to index (or reactivates them). The scheduler picks them
+ * up on its next tick, starting INDEX_INITIAL_BACKFILL articles back.
+ */
+export default class GroupAdd extends BaseCommand {
+  public static commandName = 'group:add'
+  public static description = 'Adds newsgroups to index.'
+
+  public static options: CommandOptions = {
+    startApp: true,
+  }
+
+  @args.spread({ description: 'Group names, e.g. alt.binaries.hdtv' })
+  declare names: string[]
+
+  @flags.boolean({ description: 'Deactivate the groups instead' })
+  declare disable: boolean
+
+  @flags.boolean({
+    description: 'Also download bodies to identify obfuscated posts (one body per article; bandwidth-heavy)',
+  })
+  declare bodies: boolean
+
+  @flags.number({ description: 'Start this many articles back instead of INDEX_INITIAL_BACKFILL (new groups only)' })
+  declare backfill?: number
+
+  @flags.boolean({ description: 'With --backfill: also for groups indexed before, skipping what was missed since' })
+  declare reset: boolean
+
+  public async run() {
+    for (const name of this.names) {
+      if (!/^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9.+_-]*$/i.test(name)) {
+        this.logger.error(`Not a valid group name: ${name}`)
+        continue
+      }
+      const group = await Group.firstOrCreate({ name }, { name, active: !this.disable, fetchBodies: this.bodies })
+      group.active = !this.disable
+      if (this.bodies) group.fetchBodies = true
+      if (this.backfill !== undefined && (this.reset || BigInt(group.lastQueuedId ?? 0) === 0n)) {
+        // The scheduler continues after last_queued_id.
+        const last = await this.lastArticle(name)
+        group.lastQueuedId = (last > BigInt(this.backfill) ? last - BigInt(this.backfill) : 0n)
+        group.lastIndexedId = group.lastQueuedId
+      }
+      await group.save()
+      this.logger.info(
+        `${name}: ${group.active ? 'active' : 'inactive'}, bodies ${group.fetchBodies ? 'on' : 'off'}` +
+          (this.backfill !== undefined ? `, starting after article ${group.lastQueuedId}` : '')
+      )
+    }
+    if (this.backfill !== undefined) await NntpService.shutdown()
+  }
+
+  private async lastArticle(name: string): Promise<bigint> {
+    const conn = await NntpService.acquire()
+    let failed = false
+    try {
+      return parseGroupResponse((await conn.group(name)).resp).last
+    } catch (error) {
+      failed = true
+      throw error
+    } finally {
+      NntpService.release(conn, failed)
+    }
+  }
+}

commands/GroupsTop.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+import { writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises'
+import { setTimeout as sleep } from 'node:timers/promises'
+import { BaseCommand, flags } from '@adonisjs/core/ace'
+import { CommandOptions } from '@adonisjs/core/types/ace'
+import NntpService from '#services/NntpService'
+import indexerConfig from '#config/indexer'
+import { parseGroupResponse } from '#lib/nntp/group'
+import { parseSubject } from '#lib/subject/index'
+
+interface GroupRate {
+  name: string
+  perMinute: number
+  sampled?: number
+  normal?: number
+  obfuscated?: number
+  skipped?: number
+  avgArticleBytes?: number
+  avgHeaderBytes?: number
+}
+
+/**
+ * Lists the busiest newsgroups (by articles posted per minute, from two
+ * LIST ACTIVE snapshots) and optionally samples their newest headers to
+ * estimate what indexing them would cost. See LOG.md (2026-09-28 (14)).
+ *
+ *   node ace groups:top --minutes 5 --limit 1000 --sample 300 --out /data/top-groups.txt
+ */
+export default class GroupsTop extends BaseCommand {
+  public static commandName = 'groups:top'
+  public static description = 'Lists the busiest binary groups and estimates the bandwidth to index them.'
+
+  public static options: CommandOptions = {
+    startApp: true,
+  }
+
+  @flags.string({ description: 'Group pattern for LIST ACTIVE', default: 'alt.binaries.*' })
+  declare pattern: string
+
+  @flags.number({ description: 'Minutes between the two snapshots', default: 5 })
+  declare minutes: number
+
+  @flags.number({ description: 'Number of groups to list', default: 1000 })
+  declare limit: number
+
+  @flags.number({ description: 'Headers to sample per listed group (0 = no sampling)', default: 0 })
+  declare sample: number
+
+  @flags.string({ description: 'Write the list to this file (default: print only)' })
+  declare out?: string
+
+  public async run() {
+    const conn = await NntpService.acquire()
+    let failed = false
+    try {
+      this.logger.info(`Snapshot 1 of ${this.pattern}…`)
+      const first = await this.snapshot(conn)
+      this.logger.info(`${first.size} groups. Waiting ${this.minutes} min for snapshot 2…`)
+      const started = Date.now()
+      await sleep(this.minutes * 60_000)
+      const second = await this.snapshot(conn)
+      const minutes = (Date.now() - started) / 60_000
+
+      const groups: GroupRate[] = []
+      for (const [name, high] of second) {
+        const before = first.get(name)
+        if (before === undefined || high <= before) continue
+        groups.push({ name, perMinute: Number(high - before) / minutes })
+      }
+      groups.sort((a, b) => b.perMinute - a.perMinute)
+      const top = groups.slice(0, this.limit)
+      this.logger.info(`${groups.length} active groups; listing ${top.length}.`)
+
+      if (this.sample > 0) {
+        for (const [i, group] of top.entries()) {
+          try {
+            Object.assign(group, await this.sampleGroup(conn, group.name))
+          } catch (error: any) {
+            this.logger.warning(`${group.name}: ${error.message}`)
+          }
+          if ((i + 1) % 50 === 0) this.logger.info(`Sampled ${i + 1}/${top.length} groups…`)
+        }
+      }
+
+      const text = this.format(top, minutes)
+      if (this.out) {
+        await writeFile(this.out, text)
+        this.logger.info(`Written to ${this.out}`)
+      } else {
+        console.log(text)
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      failed = true
+      throw error
+    } finally {
+      NntpService.release(conn, failed)
+      await NntpService.shutdown()
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Group name → highest article number, from LIST ACTIVE. */
+  private async snapshot(conn: any): Promise<Map<string, bigint>> {
+    const { data } = await conn.list(this.pattern)
+    const result = new Map<string, bigint>()
+    for (const line of Buffer.from(data).toString('latin1').split('\r\n')) {
+      const [name, high] = line.split(' ')
+      if (name && /^\d+$/.test(high ?? '')) result.set(name, BigInt(high))
+    }
+    return result
+  }
+
+  /** Classifies the newest headers the way worker:fetch does. */
+  private async sampleGroup(conn: any, name: string) {
+    const { last } = parseGroupResponse((await conn.group(name)).resp)
+    const start = last - BigInt(this.sample) + 1n
+    const { overviews } = await conn.xover((start > 0n ? start : 1n).toString(), last.toString())
+    let normal = 0
+    let skipped = 0
+    let obfuscated = 0
+    let obfuscatedBytes = 0
+    let headerBytes = 0
+    for (const [, header] of overviews as [number, Record<string, string>][]) {
+      if (!header) continue
+      headerBytes += Object.values(header).reduce((sum, v) => sum + String(v).length + 1, 0)
+      if (header.subject && parseSubject(header.subject)) normal++
+      else if (indexerConfig.skipBodyMessageIds.some((re) => re.test(header['message-id'] ?? ''))) skipped++
+      else {
+        obfuscated++
+        obfuscatedBytes += Number(header[':bytes']) || 0
+      }
+    }
+    const sampled = normal + skipped + obfuscated
+    return {
+      sampled,
+      normal,
+      skipped,
+      obfuscated,
+      avgArticleBytes: obfuscated ? obfuscatedBytes / obfuscated : 0,
+      avgHeaderBytes: sampled ? headerBytes / sampled : 0,
+    }
+  }
+
+  private format(groups: GroupRate[], minutes: number): string {
+    const sampled = groups.some((g) => g.sampled)
+    const lines = [
+      `# Busiest ${this.pattern} groups by articles/min, measured over ${minutes.toFixed(1)} min on ${new Date().toISOString()}`,
+      sampled
+        ? '# rank\tgroup\tarticles/min\tobfuscated%\tskipped%\tbody Mbit/s\theader Mbit/s'
+        : '# rank\tgroup\tarticles/min',
+    ]
+    let bodyTotal = 0
+    let headerTotal = 0
+    let articlesTotal = 0
+    for (const [i, g] of groups.entries()) {
+      articlesTotal += g.perMinute
+      if (!g.sampled) {
+        lines.push(`${i + 1}\t${g.name}\t${Math.round(g.perMinute)}`)
+        continue
+      }
+      const obfuscatedShare = g.obfuscated! / g.sampled
+      // Bodies: every obfuscated article is downloaded once. Headers: every article.
+      const bodyMbit = (g.perMinute * obfuscatedShare * g.avgArticleBytes! * 8) / 60 / 1e6
+      const headerMbit = (g.perMinute * g.avgHeaderBytes! * 8) / 60 / 1e6
+      bodyTotal += bodyMbit
+      headerTotal += headerMbit
+      lines.push(
+        [i + 1, g.name, Math.round(g.perMinute), (100 * obfuscatedShare).toFixed(1), ((100 * g.skipped!) / g.sampled).toFixed(1), bodyMbit.toFixed(1), headerMbit.toFixed(2)].join('\t')
+      )
+    }
+    lines.push(`# total: ${Math.round(articlesTotal)} articles/min`)
+    if (sampled) {
+      lines.push(`# bandwidth to index like alt.binaries.test (headers + obfuscated bodies): ${(bodyTotal + headerTotal).toFixed(0)} Mbit/s`)
+      lines.push(`#   of which bodies ${bodyTotal.toFixed(0)} Mbit/s, headers ${headerTotal.toFixed(1)} Mbit/s (skip list applied)`)
+    }
+    return lines.join('\n') + '\n'
+  }
+}

commands/IndexScheduler.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,10 @@ import { CommandOptions } from '@adonisjs/core/types/ace'
 import Group from '#models/group'
 import NntpService from '#services/NntpService'
 import QueueService from '#services/QueueService'
+import indexerConfig from '#config/indexer'
+import Shutdown from '#services/Shutdown'
+import FetchRangeService from '#services/FetchRangeService'
+import SplitService from '#services/SplitService'
 
 export default class IndexScheduler extends BaseCommand {
   public static commandName = 'index:scheduler'
@@ -13,7 +17,6 @@ export default class IndexScheduler extends BaseCommand {
   }
 
   private pool = NntpService
-  private fetchQueue = QueueService.nntpFetchQueue
 
   public async run() {
     this.logger.info('Scheduler started. Awaiting tasks...')
@@ -28,58 +31,89 @@ export default class IndexScheduler extends BaseCommand {
       }
 
       let conn
+      let failed = false
       try {
         conn = await this.pool.acquire()
 
         for (const group of groups) {
           try {
-            const groupInfo: any = await conn.group(group.name)
+            const { first: firstArticle, last: lastArticle } = await this.pool.selectGroup(
+              conn,
+              group.name
+            )
 
-            // nntp-js returns article numbers as strings. We must parse them to BigInts.
-            const firstArticle = BigInt(groupInfo.first)
-            const lastArticle = BigInt(groupInfo.last)
+            await FetchRangeService.requeue(group)
 
-            // lastIndexedId from the database should also be treated as a BigInt.
-            const lastIndexed = group.lastIndexedId ? BigInt(group.lastIndexedId) : null
-
-            const startId = lastIndexed ? lastIndexed + 1n : firstArticle
+            // Postgres returns bigint columns as strings.
+            const lastQueued = BigInt(group.lastQueuedId ?? 0)
+            const { batchSize, maxBatchesPerTick, initialBackfill } = indexerConfig
+            let startId =
+              lastQueued === 0n ? lastArticle - initialBackfill + 1n : lastQueued + 1n
+            if (startId < firstArticle) startId = firstArticle
 
             if (startId > lastArticle) {
+              await FetchRangeService.advanceWatermark(group)
               this.logger.info(`No new headers for group ${group.name}.`)
               continue
             }
 
-            const BATCH_SIZE = 100000n
-            const proposedEndId = startId + BATCH_SIZE - 1n
-            const endId = proposedEndId < lastArticle ? proposedEndId : lastArticle
+            let batches = 0
+            let endId = startId - 1n
+            while (endId < lastArticle && batches < maxBatchesPerTick) {
+              const batchStart = endId + 1n
+              endId = batchStart + batchSize - 1n < lastArticle ? batchStart + batchSize - 1n : lastArticle
+              await FetchRangeService.queue(group, batchStart, endId)
+              batches++
+            }
 
-            this.logger.info(`Queueing fetch job for ${group.name}: articles ${startId} to ${endId}`)
-            await this.fetchQueue.add('fetch-headers', {
-              groupName: group.name,
-              startId: startId.toString(),
-              endId: endId.toString(),
-            })
+            this.logger.info(
+              `Queued ${batches} fetch job(s) for ${group.name}: articles ${startId} to ${endId}` +
+                (endId < lastArticle ? ` (${lastArticle - endId} left for next tick)` : '')
+            )
 
-            group.lastIndexedId = endId
+            group.lastQueuedId = endId
             await group.save()
+            const watermark = await FetchRangeService.advanceWatermark(group)
+            if (endId - watermark > batchSize * BigInt(maxBatchesPerTick) * 3n) {
+              this.logger.warning(
+                `${group.name}: indexed up to ${watermark}, ${endId - watermark} articles behind the queue.`
+              )
+            }
           } catch (err: any) {
+            failed = true
             this.logger.error(`Error processing group ${group.name}: ${err.message}`)
           }
         }
       } catch (err: any) {
+        failed = true
         this.logger.error(`Error in scheduler main loop: ${err.message}`)
       } finally {
         if (conn) {
-          this.pool.release(conn)
+          this.pool.release(conn, failed)
         }
       }
     }
 
-    // Run once immediately and then on an interval.
-    schedule()
-    setInterval(schedule, 60000) // 1 minute
+    const split = async () => {
+      try {
+        const result = await SplitService.splitPending()
+        if (result.parents > 0) {
+          this.logger.info(
+            `Split ${result.parents} conflicted binaries: ${result.volumes} verified volumes, ${result.completed} completed.`
+          )
+        }
+      } catch (err: any) {
+        this.logger.error(`Error splitting conflicted binaries: ${err.message}`)
+      }
+    }
 
-    // Keep the command running
-    await new Promise(() => {})
+    // Run immediately, then wait a full interval after each run so runs never overlap.
+    while (!Shutdown.requested) {
+      await schedule()
+      await split()
+      await Shutdown.sleep(indexerConfig.intervalMs)
+    }
+    await this.pool.shutdown()
+    await QueueService.closeAll()
   }
 }

commands/ReleaseRebuild.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+import { BaseCommand, flags } from '@adonisjs/core/ace'
+import { CommandOptions } from '@adonisjs/core/types/ace'
+import db from '@adonisjs/lucid/services/db'
+import IngestService from '#services/IngestService'
+import NameService from '#services/NameService'
+import QueueService from '#services/QueueService'
+import { rarReleaseIdentity, releaseIdentity } from '#lib/release/index'
+
+const BATCH = 5000
+
+/**
+ * Recomputes the release of every binary (and its file) with the current
+ * rules in lib/release. Used after changing those rules.
+ */
+export default class ReleaseRebuild extends BaseCommand {
+  public static commandName = 'release:rebuild'
+  public static description = 'Reassigns all binaries and files to releases using the current grouping rules.'
+
+  public static options: CommandOptions = {
+    startApp: true,
+  }
+
+  @flags.boolean({
+    description:
+      'Also drop everything derived from file contents (par2 lists, par2/RAR groupings, real names), ' +
+      'to rebuild it with content:backfill --all',
+  })
+  declare resetContent: boolean
+
+  public async run() {
+    if (this.resetContent) await this.dropContentDerived()
+
+    let lastId = 0
+    let assigned = 0
+    let unassigned = 0
+    try {
+      while (true) {
+        const binaries = await db
+          .from('binaries')
+          .where('id', '>', lastId)
+          .orderBy('id')
+          .limit(BATCH)
+          .select('id', 'poster', 'subject', 'name', 'groups', 'posted_at')
+        if (binaries.length === 0) break
+        lastId = Number(binaries.at(-1).id)
+
+        const segments = binaries.map((binary) => {
+          // Body-derived binaries store a synthetic subject, see segmentFromYenc.
+          const weak = /^"[^"]*" yEnc$/.test(binary.subject)
+          return {
+            id: Number(binary.id),
+            poster: binary.poster,
+            groups: binary.groups,
+            postedAt: binary.posted_at ? new Date(binary.posted_at) : undefined,
+            weakIdentity: weak,
+            release: releaseIdentity({ poster: binary.poster, subject: binary.subject, name: binary.name, weak }),
+          }
+        })
+
+        await db.transaction(async (trx) => {
+          const releaseIds = await IngestService.upsertReleases(trx.knexClient, segments)
+          const ids = segments.map((s) => s.id)
+          const releaseIdsPerBinary = segments.map((s) =>
+            s.release ? releaseIds.get(s.release.key)! : null
+          )
+          await trx.rawQuery(
+            `UPDATE binaries b SET release_id = v.release_id
+             FROM unnest(?::bigint[], ?::bigint[]) AS v(id, release_id)
+             WHERE b.id = v.id AND b.release_id IS DISTINCT FROM v.release_id
+               AND NOT (v.release_id IS NULL
+                        AND b.release_id IN (SELECT id FROM releases WHERE source IN ('par2', 'rar')))
+               -- A posted NZB decided this grouping (NzbImportService); name rules don't override it.
+               AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM files n WHERE n.release_id = b.release_id AND n.content_type = 'nzb')`,
+            [ids, releaseIdsPerBinary] as any
+          )
+        })
+        assigned += segments.filter((s) => s.release).length
+        unassigned += segments.filter((s) => !s.release).length
+      }
+
+      // Files grouped by their RAR headers: regroup from the stored listing (no downloads).
+      let rarGrouped = 0
+      let rarCursor = 0
+      while (true) {
+        const rows = await db
+          .from('files as f')
+          .join('binaries as b', 'b.file_id', 'f.id')
+          .whereNotNull('f.archive')
+          .whereNull('b.release_id')
+          .where('f.id', '>', rarCursor)
+          .orderBy('f.id')
+          .limit(BATCH)
+          .select('f.id as file_id', 'f.archive', 'b.id as binary_id', 'b.poster', 'b.groups', 'b.posted_at')
+        if (rows.length === 0) break
+        rarCursor = Number(rows.at(-1).file_id)
+        const segments = rows.map((r) => ({
+          fileId: Number(r.file_id),
+          binaryId: Number(r.binary_id),
+          poster: r.poster,
+          groups: r.groups,
+          postedAt: r.posted_at ? new Date(r.posted_at) : undefined,
+          weakIdentity: true,
+          release: rarReleaseIdentity(r.archive?.entries ?? []),
+        }))
+        const ids = await IngestService.upsertReleases(db.connection().getWriteClient(), segments)
+        for (const s of segments.filter((x) => x.release)) {
+          const releaseId = ids.get(s.release!.key)
+          await db.from('binaries').where('id', s.binaryId).update({ release_id: releaseId })
+          await db.from('files').where('id', s.fileId).update({ release_id: releaseId })
+          rarGrouped++
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Real names from par2 for binaries with a known size (no downloads).
+      let named = 0
+      let nameCursor = 0
+      while (true) {
+        const rows = await db.from('binaries').whereNotNull('size').where('id', '>', nameCursor).orderBy('id').limit(BATCH).select('id')
+        if (rows.length === 0) break
+        nameCursor = Number(rows.at(-1).id)
+        named += await NameService.resolve(rows.map((r) => Number(r.id)))
+      }
+
+      const files = await db.rawQuery(
+        `UPDATE files f SET release_id = b.release_id FROM binaries b
+         WHERE b.file_id = f.id AND f.release_id IS DISTINCT FROM b.release_id`
+      )
+      const orphans = await db.rawQuery(
+        `DELETE FROM releases r WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM binaries b WHERE b.release_id = r.id)
+           AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM files f WHERE f.release_id = r.id)`
+      )
+      if (this.resetContent) {
+        this.logger.info('Content-derived data dropped; run `node ace content:backfill --all` to rebuild it.')
+      }
+      this.logger.info(
+        `Binaries: ${assigned} in a release, ${unassigned} without, ${rarGrouped} regrouped from RAR headers, ` +
+          `${named} named from par2. ` +
+          `Files updated: ${files.rowCount}. Empty releases removed: ${orphans.rowCount}.`
+      )
+    } finally {
+      await QueueService.closeAll()
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** par2 lists, par2/RAR release assignments and recovered names. */
+  private async dropContentDerived() {
+    await db.transaction(async (trx) => {
+      await trx.rawQuery('DELETE FROM release_files')
+      await trx.rawQuery(`UPDATE binaries SET real_name = NULL WHERE real_name IS NOT NULL`)
+      await trx.rawQuery(`UPDATE files SET real_name = NULL, archive = NULL WHERE real_name IS NOT NULL OR archive IS NOT NULL`)
+      await trx.rawQuery(`UPDATE releases SET contents = NULL, encrypted = NULL WHERE contents IS NOT NULL OR encrypted IS NOT NULL`)
+      // Binaries whose name rules find no release were grouped from contents (or wrongly by size).
+      await trx.rawQuery(`
+        UPDATE binaries SET release_id = NULL
+        WHERE subject ~ '^"[^"]*" yEnc$' AND release_id IS NOT NULL
+          AND (name !~ '\\.[A-Za-z0-9]{1,5}$' OR release_id IN (SELECT id FROM releases WHERE source IN ('par2', 'rar')))`)
+      await trx.rawQuery(`
+        UPDATE files f SET release_id = b.release_id FROM binaries b
+        WHERE b.file_id = f.id AND f.release_id IS DISTINCT FROM b.release_id`)
+    })
+    this.logger.info('Dropped par2 lists, content-derived groupings and recovered names.')
+  }
+}

commands/ReleaseRename.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { BaseCommand } from '@adonisjs/core/ace'
+import { CommandOptions } from '@adonisjs/core/types/ace'
+import { renameFromStoredContents } from '#services/ArchiveService'
+import { regroupAndRenameFromPar2 } from '#services/NameService'
+
+/** Renames random-named releases from their stored archive listings (no downloads). */
+export default class ReleaseRename extends BaseCommand {
+  public static commandName = 'release:rename'
+  public static description = 'Renames random-named releases from their par2 listings and archive contents.'
+
+  public static options: CommandOptions = {
+    startApp: true,
+  }
+
+  public async run() {
+    const par2 = await regroupAndRenameFromPar2()
+    this.logger.info(`par2: ${par2.regrouped} files moved into the set that names them, ${par2.renamed} releases renamed.`)
+    this.logger.info(`Renamed ${await renameFromStoredContents()} releases from their archive contents.`)
+  }
+}

commands/ReleaseStats.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import { BaseCommand } from '@adonisjs/core/ace'
+import { CommandOptions } from '@adonisjs/core/types/ace'
+import db from '@adonisjs/lucid/services/db'
+
+/** Prints how well files are being grouped into releases. */
+export default class ReleaseStats extends BaseCommand {
+  public static commandName = 'release:stats'
+  public static description = 'Shows release recognition statistics.'
+
+  public static options: CommandOptions = {
+    startApp: true,
+  }
+
+  public async run() {
+    const { rows } = await db.rawQuery(`
+      WITH r AS (
+        SELECT r.id, r.file_total, r.poster IS NULL AS weak, r.source,
+               count(b.id) AS binaries,
+               count(b.id) FILTER (WHERE b.completed_at IS NOT NULL) AS completed
+        FROM releases r LEFT JOIN binaries b ON b.release_id = r.id
+        GROUP BY r.id
+      )
+      SELECT
+        count(*) AS releases,
+        count(*) FILTER (WHERE completed > 0) AS with_files,
+        count(*) FILTER (WHERE completed >= 2) AS multi_file,
+        count(*) FILTER (WHERE file_total IS NOT NULL AND completed >= file_total) AS complete_by_counter,
+        count(*) FILTER (WHERE weak) AS from_obfuscated,
+        count(*) FILTER (WHERE weak AND completed > 0) AS from_obfuscated_with_files
+      FROM r`)
+    const { rows: coverage } = await db.rawQuery(`
+      SELECT count(*) AS completed_files,
+             count(*) FILTER (WHERE release_id IS NOT NULL) AS in_release
+      FROM binaries WHERE completed_at IS NOT NULL`)
+    const { rows: bySource } = await db.rawQuery(`
+      SELECT coalesce(r.source, 'unknown') AS source, count(DISTINCT r.id) AS releases,
+             count(b.id) FILTER (WHERE b.completed_at IS NOT NULL) AS completed_files
+      FROM releases r JOIN binaries b ON b.release_id = r.id GROUP BY 1 ORDER BY 2 DESC`)
+    // Readable names: descriptive as posted, or recovered from contents.
+    const { rows: naming } = await db.rawQuery(`
+      WITH f AS (
+        SELECT real_name IS NOT NULL AS recovered,
+               is_readable_name(coalesce(real_name, filename)) AS readable_name,
+               regexp_replace(coalesce(real_name, filename),
+                 '(\\.(part\\d+\\.rar|r\\d{2,3}|rar|vol\\d+[+-]\\d+\\.par2|par2|7z(\\.\\d{3})?|zip|\\d{3}|nfo|sfv|nzb|tar|zst|mkv|mp4|avi|flac|mp3|jpg))+$', '', 'i') AS stem,
+               coalesce(real_name, filename) AS name
+        FROM files
+      )
+      SELECT count(*) AS files,
+             count(*) FILTER (WHERE recovered) AS names_recovered,
+             count(*) FILTER (WHERE name ~ '\\.[A-Za-z0-9]{1,5}$' AND readable_name) AS readable
+      FROM f`)
+    this.logger.info(JSON.stringify({ ...rows[0], ...coverage[0] }))
+    this.logger.info(`naming: ${JSON.stringify(naming[0])}`)
+    this.logger.info(`by source: ${JSON.stringify(bySource)}`)
+  }
+}

commands/workers/Body.ts

@@ -4,9 +4,13 @@ import { Worker } from 'bullmq'
 import fs from 'node:fs/promises'
 import path from 'node:path'
 import queueConfig from '#config/queue'
+import Shutdown from '#services/Shutdown'
 import QueueService from '#services/QueueService'
+import env from '#start/env'
 import NntpService from '#services/NntpService'
-import { parseYencMeta } from '#services/YencService'
+import IngestService, { segmentFromYenc } from '#services/IngestService'
+import { parseYencMeta, YencError } from '#lib/yenc/index'
+import { firstChunkMd5 } from '#services/ContentService'
 
 export default class BodyWorker extends BaseCommand {
   public static commandName = 'worker:body'
@@ -20,31 +24,26 @@ export default class BodyWorker extends BaseCommand {
     this.logger.info('Starting body worker...')
 
     const pool = NntpService
-    const headerQueue = QueueService.headerQueue
 
     const worker = new Worker('body-queue', async (job) => {
-      const { header, group } = job.data
+      const { header, group, articleNumber } = job.data
       const messageId = header['message-id']
       this.logger.debug(`Processing header with unparsable subject: ${header.subject}`)
 
       let conn
+      let failed = false
       try {
         conn = await pool.acquire()
-        const bodyBuffer: Buffer = (await conn.body(messageId)).data
+        const bodyBuffer = await pool.fetchBody(conn, messageId)
 
+        let meta
         try {
-          const meta = parseYencMeta(bodyBuffer)
-          if (meta.header.name) {
-            const { name, part, total } = meta.header
-            const newSubject = `"${name}" yEnc (${part}/${total})`
-            header.subject = newSubject
-
-            this.logger.info(`Found yEnc metadata in body. New subject: ${newSubject}`)
-            await headerQueue.add('process-header', { header, group })
-          } else {
-            this.logger.warning(`Could not find yEnc metadata in body for header: ${header.subject}`)
-          }
+          meta = parseYencMeta(bodyBuffer)
         } catch (parseError: any) {
+          if (parseError instanceof YencError && bodyBuffer.indexOf('=ybegin ') === -1) {
+            this.logger.debug(`Not a yEnc post, skipping: ${messageId}`)
+            return
+          }
           this.logger.error(`Failed to parse yEnc data for message ID ${messageId}. Dumping buffer.`)
           const debugDir = path.join(this.app.appRoot.pathname, 'debug')
           await fs.mkdir(debugDir, { recursive: true })
@@ -54,21 +53,45 @@ export default class BodyWorker extends BaseCommand {
           this.logger.error(`Problematic body buffer saved to: ${dumpFile}`)
           throw parseError
         }
+
+        pool.release(conn)
+        conn = undefined
+
+        const segment = segmentFromYenc(header, group, meta, articleNumber)
+        if (segment?.number === 1) segment.md5_16k = firstChunkMd5(bodyBuffer, meta.begin.size)
+        if (!segment) {
+          this.logger.warning(`Inconsistent yEnc part numbering in ${messageId}, skipping.`)
+          return
+        }
+        const completed = await IngestService.ingest([segment])
+        this.logger.debug(
+          `Stored part ${segment.number}/${segment.totalParts} of "${segment.name}"` +
+            (completed.length > 0 ? ' (file complete)' : '')
+        )
       } catch (error: any) {
+        failed = true
         this.logger.error(`Error in body worker for message ID ${messageId}: ${error.message}`)
         throw error
       } finally {
         if (conn) {
-          pool.release(conn)
+          pool.release(conn, failed)
         }
       }
-    }, { connection: queueConfig.connection })
+    }, {
+      connection: queueConfig.connection,
+      // Each job holds one NNTP connection while downloading, so keep this <= the pool size.
+      concurrency: env.get('BODY_CONCURRENCY', 1),
+    })
 
     worker.on('failed', (job, err) => {
       this.logger.error(`Body job ${job?.id} failed: ${err.message}`)
     })
 
     this.logger.info('Body worker started and listening for jobs.')
-    await new Promise(() => {})
+    await Shutdown.wait()
+    this.logger.info('Shutting down: finishing active jobs...')
+    await worker.close()
+    await NntpService.shutdown()
+    await QueueService.closeAll()
   }
 }

commands/workers/Collection.ts

@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@ import { BaseCommand } from '@adonisjs/core/ace'
 import { CommandOptions } from '@adonisjs/core/types/ace'
 import { Worker } from 'bullmq'
 import queueConfig from '#config/queue'
+import env from '#start/env'
+import Shutdown from '#services/Shutdown'
+import QueueService from '#services/QueueService'
 import NntpService from '#services/NntpService'
-import { YencFile } from '#services/YencFile'
+import ContentService from '#services/ContentService'
 import File from '#models/file'
-import { createExtractorFromData } from 'node-unrar-js'
 
 export default class CollectionWorker extends BaseCommand {
   public static commandName = 'worker:collection'
@@ -18,8 +20,6 @@ export default class CollectionWorker extends BaseCommand {
   public async run() {
     this.logger.info('Starting collection worker...')
 
-    const pool = NntpService
-
     const worker = new Worker('collection-queue', async (job) => {
       const { fileId } = job.data
       this.logger.debug(`Processing file ID ${fileId} for collection.`)
@@ -30,51 +30,47 @@ export default class CollectionWorker extends BaseCommand {
         return
       }
 
-      const RAR_REGEX = /\.part0*1\.rar$/
-      if (RAR_REGEX.test(file.filename)) {
-        this.logger.info(`File "${file.filename}" is the first part of a RAR set.`)
-
-        const firstPart = file.messageIds['1']
-        if (!firstPart || !firstPart.id) {
-          this.logger.error(`Could not find message ID for the first part of file "${file.filename}".`)
-          return
-        }
-
-        let conn
       try {
-          conn = await pool.acquire()
-          const bodyBuffer = (await conn.body(`<${firstPart.id}>`)).data
-
-          const yencFile = new YencFile()
-          yencFile.processPart(bodyBuffer)
-          const decodedBuffer = yencFile.getBuffer()
-
-          const extractor = await createExtractorFromData({ data: new Uint8Array(decodedBuffer).buffer })
-          const fileList = extractor.getFileList()
-          // In a real implementation, we would save this file list.
-          this.logger.info(`Files in "${file.filename}": ${JSON.stringify(fileList)}`)
-
+        const content = await ContentService.inspect(fileId)
+        if (content?.par2) {
+          const { par2 } = content
+          this.logger.info(`Par2 "${file.filename}": release "${par2.releaseName}", ${par2.listed} files listed.`)
+        } else if (content?.archive) {
+          const { info, releaseRenamed, grouped } = content.archive
+          const flags = [info.headersEncrypted && 'encrypted headers', info.entries.some((e) => e.encrypted) && 'encrypted files']
+            .filter(Boolean)
+            .join(', ')
+          this.logger.info(
+            `Archive "${file.filename}": ${info.format}, ${info.entries.length} entries${flags ? ` (${flags})` : ''}` +
+              (grouped ? ', grouped into a release' : '') +
+              (releaseRenamed ? `, release renamed to "${releaseRenamed}"` : '')
+          )
+        }
+        if (content?.named) this.logger.info(`"${file.filename}" got its real name from par2.`)
+        if (content?.contentType === 'nzbe') this.logger.info(`"${file.filename}" is an encrypted NZB container.`)
+        if (content?.contentType === 'rclone') this.logger.info(`"${file.filename}" is rclone-encrypted.`)
+        if (content?.nzb) {
+          const n = content.nzb
+          this.logger.info(`NZB "${file.filename}": ${n.listed} files (${n.known} known, ${n.added} added) → "${n.releaseName}".`)
+        }
       } catch (error: any) {
-          if (error.code === 430) {
-            this.logger.error(`Article not found for first part of RAR set (Message ID: ${firstPart.id})`)
-          } else {
-            this.logger.error(`Error processing RAR file: ${error.message}`)
+        this.logger.warning(`Content inspection of "${file.filename}" failed: ${error.message}`)
       }
-        } finally {
-          if (conn) {
-            pool.release(conn)
-          }
-        }
-      } else {
-        this.logger.debug(`File "${file.filename}" is not the first part of a RAR set.`)
-      }
-    }, { connection: queueConfig.connection })
+    }, {
+      connection: queueConfig.connection,
+      // Each job holds one NNTP connection while downloading; keep <= the pool size.
+      concurrency: env.get('COLLECTION_CONCURRENCY', 1),
+    })
 
     worker.on('failed', (job, err) => {
       this.logger.error(`Collection job ${job?.id} failed: ${err.message}`)
     })
 
     this.logger.info('Collection worker started and listening for jobs.')
-    await new Promise(() => {})
+    await Shutdown.wait()
+    this.logger.info('Shutting down: finishing active jobs...')
+    await worker.close()
+    await NntpService.shutdown()
+    await QueueService.closeAll()
   }
 }

commands/workers/Deferred.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import { BaseCommand, flags } from '@adonisjs/core/ace'
+import { CommandOptions } from '@adonisjs/core/types/ace'
+import env from '#start/env'
+import Shutdown from '#services/Shutdown'
+import NntpService from '#services/NntpService'
+import QueueService from '#services/QueueService'
+import DeferredService from '#services/DeferredService'
+
+const IDLE_MS = 60_000
+
+/**
+ * Works through `deferred_files` (CONCEPT.md D28): one body per file, and
+ * small files completely. Not started by default (compose profile
+ * `deferred`); run it when there is bandwidth to spare.
+ */
+export default class DeferredWorker extends BaseCommand {
+  public static commandName = 'worker:deferred'
+  public static description = 'Samples deferred files (e.g. ngPost uploads): one article body per file.'
+
+  public static options: CommandOptions = {
+    startApp: true,
+  }
+
+  @flags.number({ description: 'Stop after this many files (default: keep running)' })
+  declare limit?: number
+
+  public async run() {
+    const concurrency = env.get('DEFERRED_CONCURRENCY', 4)
+    this.logger.info(`Deferred worker started (concurrency ${concurrency}).`)
+    const counts: Record<string, number> = {}
+    let done = 0
+    try {
+      while (!Shutdown.requested && (!this.limit || done < this.limit)) {
+        const batch = await DeferredService.claim(Math.min(concurrency * 4, this.limit ? this.limit - done : Infinity))
+        if (batch.length === 0) {
+          if (this.limit) break
+          await Shutdown.sleep(IDLE_MS)
+          continue
+        }
+        let next = 0
+        await Promise.all(
+          Array.from({ length: concurrency }, async () => {
+            while (next < batch.length) {
+              const status = await DeferredService.process(batch[next++])
+              counts[status] = (counts[status] ?? 0) + 1
+            }
+          })
+        )
+        done += batch.length
+        this.logger.info(`${done} deferred files processed: ${Object.entries(counts).map(([k, v]) => `${v} ${k}`).join(', ')}.`)
+      }
+    } finally {
+      await NntpService.shutdown()
+      await QueueService.closeAll()
+    }
+  }
+}

commands/workers/Fetch.ts

@@ -2,12 +2,20 @@ import { BaseCommand } from '@adonisjs/core/ace'
 import { CommandOptions } from '@adonisjs/core/types/ace'
 import { Worker } from 'bullmq'
 import queueConfig from '#config/queue'
+import env from '#start/env'
+import db from '@adonisjs/lucid/services/db'
+import indexerConfig from '#config/indexer'
+import Shutdown from '#services/Shutdown'
 import QueueService from '#services/QueueService'
 import NntpService from '#services/NntpService'
+import FetchRangeService from '#services/FetchRangeService'
+import IngestService, { segmentFromHeader, type IngestSegment } from '#services/IngestService'
+import DeferredService, { bodyJob, isDeferred, type DeferredArticle } from '#services/DeferredService'
+import SpotService, { isSpotGroup } from '#services/SpotService'
 
 export default class FetchWorker extends BaseCommand {
   public static commandName = 'worker:fetch'
-  public static description = 'Starts a worker to fetch headers from the NNTP server.'
+  public static description = 'Starts a worker that fetches headers (XOVER) and stores them as binaries/parts.'
 
   public static options: CommandOptions = {
     startApp: true,
@@ -17,53 +25,86 @@ export default class FetchWorker extends BaseCommand {
     this.logger.info('Starting fetch worker...')
 
     const pool = NntpService
-    const headerQueue = QueueService.headerQueue
+    const bodyQueue = QueueService.bodyQueue
 
     const worker = new Worker('nntp-fetch-queue', async (job) => {
       const { groupName, startId, endId } = job.data
       this.logger.info(`Processing fetch job for ${groupName}, articles ${startId}-${endId}`)
 
+      let overviews: [number, Record<string, string>][]
       let conn
+      let failed = false
       try {
         conn = await pool.acquire()
         await conn.group(groupName)
-        const overview: any = await conn.xover(startId, endId)
-        this.logger.info(`Fetched ${overview.overviews.length} headers from ${groupName}.`)
-
-        if (overview.overviews.length > 0) {
-          const jobs = overview.overviews.map(([id, header]: [number, any]) => {
-            if (!header) {
-              this.logger.warning(`Header is undefined for job ${job.id}`)
-              return null
-            }
-            return {
-              name: 'process-header',
-              data: { header, group: groupName },
-              opts: { jobId: `${groupName}-${id}` },
-            }
-          }).filter(Boolean)
-
-          await headerQueue.addBulk(jobs)
-          this.logger.info(`Added ${jobs.length} header jobs to the queue for ${groupName}.`)
-        }
+        overviews = (await conn.xover(startId, endId)).overviews
       } catch (error: any) {
+        failed = true
         this.logger.error(`Error fetching headers for ${groupName}: ${error.message}`)
         throw error
       } finally {
         if (conn) {
-          pool.release(conn)
+          pool.release(conn, failed)
         }
       }
+
+      if (isSpotGroup(groupName)) {
+        const spots = await SpotService.recordHeaders(groupName, overviews)
+        if (job.data.rangeId) await FetchRangeService.markDone(job.data.rangeId)
+        this.logger.info(`${groupName} ${startId}-${endId}: ${overviews.length} headers, ${spots} spots queued.`)
+        return
+      }
+
+      const group = await db.from('groups').where('name', groupName).first()
+      const fetchBodies = Boolean(group?.fetch_bodies)
+
+      const segments: IngestSegment[] = []
+      const obfuscated: { articleNumber: number; header: Record<string, string> }[] = []
+      const deferred: DeferredArticle[] = []
+      let skipped = 0
+      for (const [articleNumber, header] of overviews) {
+        if (!header) continue
+        const segment = segmentFromHeader(header, groupName, articleNumber)
+        if (segment) segments.push(segment)
+        // Recorded per file (or as article ranges) in every group, bodies or not; processed later if at all.
+        else if (isDeferred(header)) deferred.push({ articleNumber, header })
+        else if (!fetchBodies || indexerConfig.skipBodyMessageIds.some((re) => re.test(header['message-id'] ?? ''))) skipped++
+        else obfuscated.push({ articleNumber, header })
+      }
+
+      const completed = await IngestService.ingest(segments)
+      const deferredFiles = await DeferredService.record(groupName, deferred)
+
+      if (obfuscated.length > 0) {
+        await bodyQueue.addBulk(obfuscated.map(({ articleNumber, header }) => bodyJob(header, groupName, articleNumber)))
+      }
+
+      if (job.data.rangeId) await FetchRangeService.markDone(job.data.rangeId)
+
+      this.logger.info(
+        `${groupName} ${startId}-${endId}: ${overviews.length} headers, ${segments.length} stored, ` +
+          `${obfuscated.length} sent to body-queue${skipped ? ` (${skipped} skipped)` : ''}` +
+          `${deferred.length ? `, ${deferred.length} deferred (${deferredFiles} files)` : ''}, ${completed.length} files completed.`
+      )
     }, {
       connection: queueConfig.connection,
-      concurrency: 5,
+      // XOVER is quick; most of a job is storing. Each concurrent job uses one DB connection (DB_POOL_MAX).
+      concurrency: env.get('FETCH_CONCURRENCY', 5),
     })
 
-    worker.on('failed', (job, err) => {
+    worker.on('failed', async (job, err) => {
       this.logger.error(`Fetch job ${job?.id} failed for group ${job?.data.groupName}: ${err.message}`)
+      // Only after the last attempt; the scheduler re-queues the range later.
+      if (job?.data.rangeId && job.attemptsMade >= (job.opts.attempts ?? 1)) {
+        await FetchRangeService.markFailed(job.data.rangeId, err.message).catch(() => {})
+      }
     })
 
     this.logger.info('Fetch worker started and listening for jobs.')
-    await new Promise(() => {}) // Keep command running
+    await Shutdown.wait()
+    this.logger.info('Shutting down: finishing active jobs...')
+    await worker.close()
+    await NntpService.shutdown()
+    await QueueService.closeAll()
   }
 }

commands/workers/File.ts

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 import { BaseCommand } from '@adonisjs/core/ace'
 import { CommandOptions } from '@adonisjs/core/types/ace'
 import { Worker } from 'bullmq'
+import db from '@adonisjs/lucid/services/db'
 import queueConfig from '#config/queue'
+import Shutdown from '#services/Shutdown'
 import QueueService from '#services/QueueService'
-import File from '#models/file'
 
 export default class FileWorker extends BaseCommand {
   public static commandName = 'worker:file'
-  public static description = 'Starts a worker to process completed files.'
+  public static description = 'Starts a worker that turns completed binaries into files.'
 
   public static options: CommandOptions = {
     startApp: true,
@@ -19,45 +20,78 @@ export default class FileWorker extends BaseCommand {
     const collectionQueue = QueueService.collectionQueue
 
     const worker = new Worker('file-queue', async (job) => {
-      const { filename, parts, groups } = job.data
-      const partCount = Object.keys(parts).length
-      this.logger.debug(`Processing complete file: "${filename}" with ${partCount} parts.`)
+      const { binaryId } = job.data
 
-      const firstPart = JSON.parse(Object.values(parts)[0] as string)
-      const poster = firstPart.from
-      const date = new Date(firstPart.date).getTime()
-
-      const messageIds = Object.entries(parts).reduce((acc, [partNumber, partData]) => {
-        const part = JSON.parse(partData as string)
-        const messageId = part['message-id']
-        if (messageId) {
-          acc[partNumber] = {
-            id: messageId.replace(/[<>]/g, ''),
-            size: part[':bytes'],
-          }
-        } else {
-          this.logger.warning(`Message ID not found for part ${partNumber} of file "${filename}"`)
-        }
-        return acc
-      }, {} as Record<string, any>)
-
-      if (Object.keys(messageIds).length !== partCount) {
-        throw new Error(`Could not process all parts for file "${filename}" due to missing message IDs.`)
+      const binary = await db.from('binaries').where('id', binaryId).first()
+      if (!binary) {
+        this.logger.warning(`Binary ${binaryId} no longer exists (garbage collected?).`)
+        return
       }
 
-      const file = await File.create({
-        filename,
-        poster,
-        date,
-        parts: partCount,
-        messageIds,
-        groups,
+      if (binary.conflicted_at) {
+        this.logger.warning(`Binary ${binaryId} ("${binary.name}") has conflicting parts, skipping.`)
+        return
+      }
+
+      const parts = await db
+        .from('parts')
+        .where('binary_id', binaryId)
+        .orderBy('number')
+        .select('number', 'message_id', 'bytes')
+      if (parts.length < binary.total_parts) {
+        throw new Error(`Binary ${binaryId} has ${parts.length}/${binary.total_parts} parts.`)
+      }
+
+      const messageIds = Object.fromEntries(
+        parts.map((part) => [part.number, { id: part.message_id, size: part.bytes }])
+      )
+
+      // Already known as a file, e.g. added from a posted NZB before its own articles completed.
+      const existing = await db
+        .from('files')
+        .whereRaw(`(message_ids->'1'->>'id') = ?`, [messageIds['1']?.id ?? ''])
+        .first()
+      if (existing) {
+        await db.from('binaries').where('id', binaryId).update({ file_id: existing.id })
+        await dropCopiedParts(binary)
+        this.logger.debug(`File "${binary.name}" already exists as ID ${existing.id} (same first segment).`)
+        return
+      }
+
+      // file_key is unique: a second completion of the same upload inserts nothing.
+      const knex = db.connection().getWriteClient()
+      const now = new Date()
+      const [inserted] = await knex('files')
+        .insert({
+          file_key: binary.file_key,
+          filename: binary.name,
+          poster: binary.poster,
+          date: binary.posted_at ? new Date(binary.posted_at).getTime() : now.getTime(),
+          parts: parts.length,
+          message_ids: JSON.stringify(messageIds),
+          groups: JSON.stringify(binary.groups),
+          release_id: binary.release_id,
+          real_name: binary.real_name,
+          size: parts.reduce((sum, part) => sum + Number(part.bytes), 0),
+          created_at: now,
+          updated_at: now,
         })
+        .onConflict('file_key')
+        .ignore()
+        .returning('id')
 
-      this.logger.debug(`Saved file "${filename}" to database with ID: ${file.id}`)
+      const fileId =
+        inserted?.id ?? (await db.from('files').where('file_key', binary.file_key).first())?.id
+      await db.from('binaries').where('id', binaryId).update({ file_id: fileId })
+      await dropCopiedParts(binary)
 
-      await collectionQueue.add('process-collection', { fileId: file.id })
-      this.logger.debug(`Added file ID ${file.id} to collection queue.`)
+      if (!inserted) {
+        this.logger.debug(`File "${binary.name}" (${binary.file_key}) already exists as ID ${fileId}.`)
+        return
+      }
+
+      this.logger.info(`Saved file "${binary.name}" (${parts.length} parts) as ID ${fileId}.`)
+      await collectionQueue.add('process-collection', { fileId }, { jobId: `file-${fileId}` })
     }, { connection: queueConfig.connection })
 
     worker.on('failed', (job, err) => {
@@ -65,6 +99,19 @@ export default class FileWorker extends BaseCommand {
     })
 
     this.logger.info('File worker started and listening for jobs.')
-    await new Promise(() => {})
+    await Shutdown.wait()
+    this.logger.info('Shutting down: finishing active jobs...')
+    await worker.close()
+    await QueueService.closeAll()
   }
 }
+
+/**
+ * The file holds every message id now. Binaries identified by their subject
+ * (no size: header-derived) don't need their parts any more; body-derived
+ * ones keep them, so articles of an equal-sized next volume are recognised
+ * as a conflict and split off (CONCEPT.md D20). LOG.md 2026-09-28 (17).
+ */
+async function dropCopiedParts(binary: { id: number; size: number | null }) {
+  if (binary.size === null) await db.from('parts').where('binary_id', binary.id).delete()
+}

commands/workers/Header.ts

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-import { BaseCommand } from '@adonisjs/core/ace'
-import { CommandOptions } from '@adonisjs/core/types/ace'
-import { Worker } from 'bullmq'
-import queueConfig from '#config/queue'
-import QueueService from '#services/QueueService'
-import RedisService from '#services/RedisService'
-
-export default class HeaderWorker extends BaseCommand {
-  public static commandName = 'worker:header'
-  public static description = 'Starts a worker to process headers.'
-
-  public static options: CommandOptions = {
-    startApp: true,
-  }
-
-  public async run() {
-    this.logger.info('Starting header worker...')
-
-    const redis = RedisService.client
-    const fileQueue = QueueService.fileQueue
-    const bodyQueue = QueueService.bodyQueue
-
-    const worker = new Worker('header-queue', async (job) => {
-      const { header, group } = job.data
-      if (!header || !header.subject) {
-        this.logger.warning(`Received job with invalid header data. JobID: ${job.id}`)
-        return
-      }
-
-      const subject = header.subject
-      const SUBJECT_REGEX = /"(.+)"(?: yEnc)? \((\d+)\/(\d+)\)/
-      const match = subject.match(SUBJECT_REGEX)
-
-      if (match) {
-        const filename = match[1]
-        const part = parseInt(match[2], 10)
-        const total = parseInt(match[3], 10)
-
-        const fileKey = `file:${filename}`
-        await redis.hset(fileKey, part, JSON.stringify(header))
-
-        const partCount = await redis.hlen(fileKey)
-
-        if (partCount === total) {
-          const fileParts = await redis.hgetall(fileKey)
-          await fileQueue.add('process-file', { filename, parts: fileParts, groups: [group] })
-          await redis.del(fileKey)
-          this.logger.info(`File "${filename}" is complete and moved to file-queue.`)
-        } else {
-          this.logger.info(`Stored part ${part}/${total} for file "${filename}"`)
-        }
-      } else {
-        this.logger.warning(`Could not parse subject: "${subject}". Moving to body-queue.`)
-        await bodyQueue.add('process-body', { header, group })
-      }
-    }, { connection: queueConfig.connection })
-
-    worker.on('failed', (job, err) => {
-      this.logger.error(`Header job ${job?.id} failed: ${err.message}`)
-    })
-    
-    this.logger.info('Header worker started and listening for jobs.')
-    await new Promise(() => {})
-  }
-}

commands/workers/Spots.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import { BaseCommand, flags } from '@adonisjs/core/ace'
+import { CommandOptions } from '@adonisjs/core/types/ace'
+import env from '#start/env'
+import Shutdown from '#services/Shutdown'
+import NntpService from '#services/NntpService'
+import SpotService from '#services/SpotService'
+
+const IDLE_MS = 30_000
+
+/**
+ * Works through queued Spotnet spots (CONCEPT.md D29): verifies each one,
+ * downloads its compressed NZB (a few KB to a few MB) and imports it.
+ */
+export default class SpotsWorker extends BaseCommand {
+  public static commandName = 'worker:spots'
+  public static description = 'Reads Spotnet spots: verifies them and imports their NZBs.'
+
+  public static options: CommandOptions = {
+    startApp: true,
+  }
+
+  @flags.number({ description: 'Stop after this many spots (default: keep running)' })
+  declare limit?: number
+
+  public async run() {
+    const concurrency = env.get('SPOT_CONCURRENCY', 4)
+    this.logger.info(`Spot worker started (concurrency ${concurrency}).`)
+    const counts: Record<string, number> = {}
+    let done = 0
+    try {
+      while (!Shutdown.requested && (!this.limit || done < this.limit)) {
+        const batch = await SpotService.claim(Math.min(concurrency * 4, this.limit ? this.limit - done : Infinity))
+        if (batch.length === 0) {
+          if (this.limit) break
+          await Shutdown.sleep(IDLE_MS)
+          continue
+        }
+        let next = 0
+        await Promise.all(
+          Array.from({ length: concurrency }, async () => {
+            while (next < batch.length) {
+              const status = await SpotService.process(batch[next++])
+              counts[status] = (counts[status] ?? 0) + 1
+            }
+          })
+        )
+        done += batch.length
+        this.logger.info(`${done} spots: ${Object.entries(counts).map(([k, v]) => `${v} ${k}`).join(', ')}.`)
+      }
+    } finally {
+      await NntpService.shutdown()
+    }
+  }
+}

config/database.ts

@@ -61,7 +61,13 @@ const dbConfig = defineConfig({
         user: env.get('DB_USER'),
         password: env.get('DB_PASSWORD')?.release(),
         database: env.get('DB_DATABASE'),
+        // For idempotent bulk writers (worker:fetch): don't wait for the WAL
+        // flush on every statement. A crash loses the last moments of writes,
+        // which the retried job writes again.
+        ...(env.get('DB_SYNCHRONOUS_COMMIT') === 'off' ? { options: '-c synchronous_commit=off' } : {}),
       },
+      // One connection per concurrent job; knex defaults to 10.
+      pool: { min: 0, max: env.get('DB_POOL_MAX', 10) },
       migrations: {
         naturalSort: true,
         paths: ['database/migrations'],

config/gc.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import env from '#start/env'
+
+/**
+ * Retention for transient pipeline state in Redis. See CONCEPT.md (D11).
+ */
+export default {
+  /** How often `gc:scheduler` sweeps. */
+  intervalMs: env.get('GC_INTERVAL_MS', 10 * 60 * 1000),
+
+  jobs: {
+    /** Completed jobs are only kept for inspection; keep them briefly. */
+    completedAgeSeconds: env.get('GC_COMPLETED_AGE_SECONDS', 60 * 60),
+    completedMaxCount: 1000,
+    /** Failed jobs are kept longer so they can be inspected and retried. */
+    failedAgeSeconds: env.get('GC_FAILED_AGE_SECONDS', 7 * 24 * 60 * 60),
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Upper bound on waiting body jobs. Obfuscated traffic can exceed what the
+   * line downloads for hours; beyond this, the oldest waiting jobs are
+   * dropped so Redis stays bounded (~1 KB per job).
+   */
+  bodyQueueMax: env.get('GC_BODY_QUEUE_MAX', 500_000),
+
+  binaries: {
+    /**
+     * A binary that gets no new segments for this long is deleted: incomplete
+     * ones are given up on, completed ones have been copied into `files`.
+     */
+    staleAfterSeconds: env.get('GC_BINARY_STALE_SECONDS', 48 * 60 * 60),
+    /**
+     * Header-derived binaries that still have one article after this long:
+     * uploads that give every article its own random name (and poster) never
+     * complete from headers. A real file gets its next articles in minutes.
+     */
+    singleArticleAfterSeconds: env.get('GC_SINGLE_ARTICLE_SECONDS', 2 * 60 * 60),
+  },
+
+  /** Releases without files or binaries (their binaries were collected) are deleted after this long. */
+  emptyReleaseAfterSeconds: env.get('GC_EMPTY_RELEASE_SECONDS', 2 * 60 * 60),
+
+  /** Bulk deletes run in batches of this size, for at most this long per sweep. */
+  deleteBatch: 20_000,
+  deleteBudgetMs: env.get('GC_DELETE_BUDGET_MS', 3 * 60 * 1000),
+
+  /**
+   * Deferred files (CONCEPT.md D28) are deleted this long after they were
+   * first seen, processed or not. The articles stay on the server.
+   */
+  deferredRetentionDays: env.get('GC_DEFERRED_RETENTION_DAYS', 30),
+
+  /** Redis hashes from the old header worker (before D12); they only need to expire. */
+  legacyPendingFiles: {
+    prefix: 'file:',
+    ttlSeconds: 48 * 60 * 60,
+  },
+}

config/indexer.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import env from '#start/env'
+
+export default {
+  /** How often `index:scheduler` checks the groups for new articles. */
+  intervalMs: env.get('INDEX_INTERVAL_MS', 60 * 1000),
+  /** Articles per fetch job (one XOVER call). */
+  batchSize: BigInt(env.get('INDEX_BATCH_SIZE', 20_000)),
+  /** Upper bound on fetch jobs queued per group per tick, so catching up is spread out. */
+  maxBatchesPerTick: env.get('INDEX_MAX_BATCHES_PER_TICK', 5),
+  /**
+   * Where a group that was never indexed starts: this many articles before
+   * the newest one. The server's low-water mark can be years back.
+   */
+  initialBackfill: BigInt(env.get('INDEX_INITIAL_BACKFILL', 50_000)),
+
+  /**
+   * Obfuscated articles whose message-id matches one of these are not sent
+   * to the body queue: their uploader spreads every file over many groups,
+   * so identifying them would take far more bandwidth than there is
+   * (see LOG.md, 2026-09-28 (9)). Normal-subject articles are unaffected.
+   */
+  skipBodyMessageIds: [
+    // hex7$hex7$hex7@hex10.hex5, ~60k articles/min over 10+ groups
+    /^<?[0-9a-f]{7}\$[0-9a-f]{7}\$[0-9a-f]{7}@[0-9a-f]{10}\.[0-9a-f]{5}>?$/,
+  ],
+
+  /**
+   * Obfuscated articles whose message-id matches one of these don't go to
+   * the body queue. Instead they're recorded per file in `deferred_files`
+   * (their subject keeps the file name, only the part counter is missing).
+   * `worker:deferred` later fetches one body per file (CONCEPT.md D28).
+   */
+  deferBodyMessageIds: [
+    // ngPost: <hex32@ngPost>. Mostly RAR5 with encrypted headers (LOG.md 2026-09-28 (14)).
+    /^<?[0-9a-f]{32}@ngPost>?$/,
+  ],
+  /**
+   * Spotnet header groups (CONCEPT.md D29): their headers are spots, not
+   * binaries. Add one with `group:add free.pt --backfill 5000`.
+   */
+  spotGroups: ['free.pt'],
+
+  /** worker:deferred leaves a file alone until it has had no new articles for this long. */
+  deferredSettleMs: env.get('DEFERRED_SETTLE_MS', 15 * 60 * 1000),
+  /** Files of at most this many parts are downloaded completely (small archives, NZBs, par2 index files). */
+  deferredExpandMaxParts: env.get('DEFERRED_EXPAND_MAX_PARTS', 8),
+}

config/nntp.ts

@@ -6,4 +6,6 @@ export default {
   user: env.get('NNTP_USER'),
   password: env.get('NNTP_PASSWORD'),
   secure: env.get('NNTP_SECURE', false),
+  /** Connections per process. Mind the provider's limit across all processes. */
+  poolSize: env.get('NNTP_POOL_SIZE', 10),
 }

config/static.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { defineConfig } from '@adonisjs/static'
+
+/**
+ * Configuration options to tweak the static files middleware.
+ * The complete set of options are documented on the
+ * official documentation website.
+ *
+ * https://docs.adonisjs.com/guides/static-assets
+ */
+const staticServerConfig = defineConfig({
+  enabled: true,
+  etag: true,
+  lastModified: true,
+  dotFiles: 'ignore',
+})
+
+export default staticServerConfig

database/migrations/1768620764720_create_binaries_table.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * Files that are still being collected from XOVER. One row per uploaded file,
+ * identified by file_key (see lib/subject/file_key.ts).
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  protected tableName = 'binaries'
+
+  async up() {
+    this.schema.createTable(this.tableName, (table) => {
+      table.bigIncrements('id')
+      table.string('file_key', 40).notNullable().unique()
+      table.text('poster').notNullable()
+      table.text('subject').notNullable()
+      table.text('name').notNullable()
+      table.integer('total_parts').notNullable()
+      table.jsonb('groups').notNullable()
+      table.timestamp('posted_at', { useTz: true })
+      table.timestamp('first_seen_at', { useTz: true }).notNullable()
+      table.timestamp('last_seen_at', { useTz: true }).notNullable().index()
+      table.timestamp('completed_at', { useTz: true })
+      // Set when two different articles claim the same part number (see IngestService).
+      table.timestamp('conflicted_at', { useTz: true })
+      table.integer('file_id').unsigned().references('files.id').onDelete('SET NULL')
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    this.schema.dropTable(this.tableName)
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764730_create_parts_table.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * Segments (articles) of a binary. The primary key makes re-ingesting the
+ * same range a no-op.
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  protected tableName = 'parts'
+
+  async up() {
+    this.schema.createTable(this.tableName, (table) => {
+      table.bigInteger('binary_id').notNullable().references('binaries.id').onDelete('CASCADE')
+      table.integer('number').notNullable()
+      table.text('message_id').notNullable()
+      table.integer('bytes').notNullable()
+      table.bigInteger('article_number')
+      table.primary(['binary_id', 'number'])
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    this.schema.dropTable(this.tableName)
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764740_add_file_key_to_files_table.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  protected tableName = 'files'
+
+  async up() {
+    this.schema.alterTable(this.tableName, (table) => {
+      table.string('file_key', 40).unique()
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    this.schema.alterTable(this.tableName, (table) => {
+      table.dropColumn('file_key')
+    })
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764750_create_releases_table.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * A release is one download: the files of one post (archive volumes, par2
+ * set, nfo). See lib/release/release_key.ts and CONCEPT.md (D16).
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  protected tableName = 'releases'
+
+  async up() {
+    this.schema.createTable(this.tableName, (table) => {
+      table.bigIncrements('id')
+      table.string('release_key', 40).notNullable().unique()
+      table.text('name').notNullable()
+      // Null for obfuscated posts, whose poster is random per article.
+      table.text('poster')
+      // Number of files announced by the [i/M] subject counter, if any.
+      table.integer('file_total')
+      table.jsonb('groups').notNullable()
+      table.timestamp('posted_at', { useTz: true })
+      table.timestamp('first_seen_at', { useTz: true }).notNullable()
+      table.timestamp('last_seen_at', { useTz: true }).notNullable()
+    })
+
+    this.schema.alterTable('binaries', (table) => {
+      table.bigInteger('release_id').references('releases.id').onDelete('SET NULL').index()
+    })
+    this.schema.alterTable('files', (table) => {
+      table.bigInteger('release_id').references('releases.id').onDelete('SET NULL').index()
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    this.schema.alterTable('files', (table) => table.dropColumn('release_id'))
+    this.schema.alterTable('binaries', (table) => table.dropColumn('release_id'))
+    this.schema.dropTable(this.tableName)
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764760_add_par2_matching.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * Par2-based grouping of obfuscated posts (CONCEPT.md D16): the par2 file
+ * list of a release, and the exact file size of body-derived binaries to
+ * match against it.
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    this.schema.alterTable('binaries', (table) => {
+      // Exact file size from =ybegin; only known for body-derived binaries.
+      table.bigInteger('size').index()
+    })
+    this.schema.alterTable('releases', (table) => {
+      // How the release was recognised: subject, stem, weak-stem or par2.
+      table.string('source', 16)
+    })
+    this.schema.createTable('release_files', (table) => {
+      table.bigInteger('release_id').notNullable().references('releases.id').onDelete('CASCADE')
+      table.string('par2_file_id', 32).notNullable()
+      table.text('name').notNullable()
+      table.bigInteger('size').notNullable().index()
+      table.string('md5_16k', 32).notNullable()
+      table.primary(['release_id', 'par2_file_id'])
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    this.schema.dropTable('release_files')
+    this.schema.alterTable('releases', (table) => table.dropColumn('source'))
+    this.schema.alterTable('binaries', (table) => table.dropColumn('size'))
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764770_create_fetch_ranges_table.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * Article ranges handed to worker:fetch, so a range only counts as indexed
+ * once it was fetched successfully (CONCEPT.md D18).
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    this.schema.alterTable('groups', (table) => {
+      // How far the scheduler has queued; last_indexed_id becomes the
+      // watermark below which every article was fetched.
+      table.bigInteger('last_queued_id').notNullable().defaultTo(0)
+    })
+    this.defer(async (db) => {
+      await db.rawQuery('UPDATE groups SET last_queued_id = last_indexed_id')
+    })
+
+    this.schema.createTable('fetch_ranges', (table) => {
+      table.bigIncrements('id')
+      table.integer('group_id').notNullable().references('groups.id').onDelete('CASCADE')
+      table.bigInteger('start_id').notNullable()
+      table.bigInteger('end_id').notNullable()
+      // queued | done | failed
+      table.string('status', 8).notNullable().defaultTo('queued')
+      table.integer('requeues').notNullable().defaultTo(0)
+      table.text('error')
+      table.timestamp('created_at', { useTz: true }).notNullable()
+      table.timestamp('updated_at', { useTz: true }).notNullable()
+      table.index(['group_id', 'status'])
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    this.schema.dropTable('fetch_ranges')
+    this.schema.alterTable('groups', (table) => table.dropColumn('last_queued_id'))
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764780_add_archive_contents.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/** Archive listings from the first RAR volume (CONCEPT.md D19). */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    this.schema.alterTable('files', (table) => {
+      // RarInfo of a first volume: format, flags and entries.
+      table.jsonb('archive')
+    })
+    this.schema.alterTable('releases', (table) => {
+      // Password protected: encrypted file data or encrypted headers.
+      table.boolean('encrypted')
+      // Entries of the release's first archive volume.
+      table.jsonb('contents')
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    this.schema.alterTable('releases', (table) => {
+      table.dropColumn('contents')
+      table.dropColumn('encrypted')
+    })
+    this.schema.alterTable('files', (table) => table.dropColumn('archive'))
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764790_create_part_conflicts_table.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * Splitting equal-sized obfuscated volumes (CONCEPT.md D20): the extra
+ * articles of conflicted binaries are kept, and the split-off volumes point
+ * to the conflicted binary they came from.
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    this.schema.createTable('part_conflicts', (table) => {
+      table.bigInteger('binary_id').notNullable().references('binaries.id').onDelete('CASCADE')
+      table.integer('number').notNullable()
+      table.text('message_id').notNullable()
+      table.integer('bytes').notNullable()
+      table.bigInteger('article_number')
+      table.primary(['binary_id', 'number', 'message_id'])
+    })
+    this.schema.alterTable('binaries', (table) => {
+      table.bigInteger('parent_binary_id').references('binaries.id').onDelete('SET NULL').index()
+      // Last time the splitter processed this conflicted binary.
+      table.timestamp('split_at', { useTz: true })
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    this.schema.alterTable('binaries', (table) => {
+      table.dropColumn('split_at')
+      table.dropColumn('parent_binary_id')
+    })
+    this.schema.dropTable('part_conflicts')
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764800_add_md5_to_release_files.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/** Full-file MD5 from par2, to verify assembled (e.g. split) volumes. */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  protected tableName = 'release_files'
+
+  async up() {
+    this.schema.alterTable(this.tableName, (table) => {
+      table.string('md5', 32)
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    this.schema.alterTable(this.tableName, (table) => table.dropColumn('md5'))
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764810_exclude_legacy_conflicts_from_split.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * Binaries that were flagged conflicted before part_conflicts existed lost
+ * their extra articles, so splitting them only reshuffles the first article
+ * per part number, a mix of different volumes. Mark them as never to be
+ * split, and remove the volumes and files the first splitter run made from
+ * them (see LOG.md, 2026-09-28).
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    this.defer(async (db) => {
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        WITH boundary AS (
+          SELECT migration_time FROM adonis_schema WHERE name LIKE '%1768620764790%'
+        ), legacy AS (
+          SELECT id FROM binaries
+          WHERE conflicted_at IS NOT NULL AND parent_binary_id IS NULL
+            AND conflicted_at < (SELECT migration_time FROM boundary)
+        ), instances AS (
+          SELECT id, file_id FROM binaries WHERE parent_binary_id IN (SELECT id FROM legacy)
+        ), deleted_files AS (
+          DELETE FROM files WHERE id IN (SELECT file_id FROM instances WHERE file_id IS NOT NULL)
+        ), deleted_instances AS (
+          DELETE FROM binaries WHERE id IN (SELECT id FROM instances)
+        )
+        -- 'infinity': last_seen_at > split_at is never true, so SplitService skips them.
+        UPDATE binaries SET split_at = 'infinity' WHERE id IN (SELECT id FROM legacy)
+      `)
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    // The removed volumes were unverifiable; nothing to restore.
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764820_add_crcs_to_parts.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * yEnc CRCs of body-derived articles, so split volumes can be verified
+ * without downloading them (CONCEPT.md D20): the combined part CRCs of a
+ * volume must equal the whole-file crc32 in its last part.
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    for (const tableName of ['parts', 'part_conflicts']) {
+      this.schema.alterTable(tableName, (table) => {
+        table.string('pcrc32', 8)
+        // Decoded length of the part (=ypart end - begin + 1).
+        table.integer('part_size')
+        // Whole-file CRC32, when the poster included it (usually in the last part).
+        table.string('file_crc32', 8)
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    for (const tableName of ['parts', 'part_conflicts']) {
+      this.schema.alterTable(tableName, (table) => {
+        table.dropColumn('pcrc32')
+        table.dropColumn('part_size')
+        table.dropColumn('file_crc32')
+      })
+    }
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764830_add_content_names.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * Names and groupings from file contents (CONCEPT.md D21): a fingerprint
+ * (exact size + MD5 of the first 16 KiB, as par2 records it) and the real
+ * filename recovered from par2.
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    this.schema.alterTable('binaries', (table) => {
+      table.string('md5_16k', 32).index()
+      // Filename recovered from file contents (par2); `name` stays as posted.
+      table.text('real_name')
+    })
+    this.schema.alterTable('files', (table) => {
+      table.text('real_name')
+    })
+    for (const tableName of ['parts', 'part_conflicts']) {
+      this.schema.alterTable(tableName, (table) => {
+        // Only for part 1: MD5 of the first 16 KiB of the file.
+        table.string('md5_16k', 32)
+      })
+    }
+    this.schema.alterTable('release_files', (table) => {
+      table.index(['md5_16k'])
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    this.schema.alterTable('release_files', (table) => table.dropIndex(['md5_16k']))
+    for (const tableName of ['parts', 'part_conflicts']) {
+      this.schema.alterTable(tableName, (table) => table.dropColumn('md5_16k'))
+    }
+    this.schema.alterTable('files', (table) => table.dropColumn('real_name'))
+    this.schema.alterTable('binaries', (table) => {
+      table.dropColumn('real_name')
+      table.dropColumn('md5_16k')
+    })
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764840_add_search_indexes.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * Web interface (CONCEPT.md D22): trigram indexes for substring search, and
+ * SQL versions of the "readable name" rule used for filtering.
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    this.defer(async (db) => {
+      await db.rawQuery('CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_trgm')
+      // Per-file suffixes stripped, as in lib/release fileStem.
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION name_stem(name text) RETURNS text IMMUTABLE LANGUAGE sql AS $$
+          SELECT regexp_replace(name,
+            '(\\.(part\\d+\\.rar|r\\d{2,3}|rar|vol\\d+[+-]\\d+\\.par2|par2|7z(\\.\\d{3})?|zip|\\d{3}|nfo|sfv|nzb|tar|zst|gz|xz|mkv|mp4|avi|m4v|ts|iso|img|flac|mp3|epub|pdf|jpg|png))+$',
+            '', 'i')
+        $$`)
+      // Not an obfuscated token (as in ArchiveService.looksRandom).
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION is_readable_name(name text) RETURNS boolean IMMUTABLE LANGUAGE sql AS $$
+          SELECT name IS NOT NULL AND NOT (
+            (name_stem(name) ~ '^[A-Za-z0-9]{16,}$' AND name_stem(name) ~ '\\d'
+              AND name_stem(name) ~ '[a-z]' AND name_stem(name) ~ '[A-Z]')
+            OR name_stem(name) ~* '^[0-9a-f]{16,}$')
+        $$`)
+      await db.rawQuery('CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS releases_name_trgm ON releases USING gin (name gin_trgm_ops)')
+      await db.rawQuery('CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS files_filename_trgm ON files USING gin (filename gin_trgm_ops)')
+      await db.rawQuery('CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS files_real_name_trgm ON files USING gin (real_name gin_trgm_ops)')
+      await db.rawQuery('CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS releases_posted_at_idx ON releases (posted_at DESC NULLS LAST)')
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    this.defer(async (db) => {
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP INDEX IF EXISTS releases_posted_at_idx')
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP INDEX IF EXISTS files_real_name_trgm')
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP INDEX IF EXISTS files_filename_trgm')
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP INDEX IF EXISTS releases_name_trgm')
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS is_readable_name(text)')
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS name_stem(text)')
+    })
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764850_add_release_totals.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * Per-release totals for browsing and sorting (CONCEPT.md D22). A trigger on
+ * `files` keeps `releases.file_count` and `releases.size` current, whichever
+ * code path assigns files to releases.
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    this.schema.alterTable('files', (table) => {
+      table.bigInteger('size')
+    })
+    this.schema.alterTable('releases', (table) => {
+      table.integer('file_count').notNullable().defaultTo(0).index()
+      table.bigInteger('size').notNullable().defaultTo(0).index()
+    })
+    this.defer(async (db) => {
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        UPDATE files f SET size = s.size
+        FROM (SELECT id, (SELECT coalesce(sum((v->>'size')::bigint), 0) FROM jsonb_each(message_ids) e(k, v)) AS size FROM files) s
+        WHERE s.id = f.id`)
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        UPDATE releases r SET file_count = t.n, size = t.size
+        FROM (SELECT release_id, count(*) AS n, coalesce(sum(size), 0) AS size FROM files
+              WHERE release_id IS NOT NULL GROUP BY release_id) t
+        WHERE t.release_id = r.id`)
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION files_release_totals() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+        BEGIN
+          IF TG_OP IN ('UPDATE', 'DELETE') AND OLD.release_id IS NOT NULL THEN
+            UPDATE releases SET file_count = file_count - 1, size = size - coalesce(OLD.size, 0) WHERE id = OLD.release_id;
+          END IF;
+          IF TG_OP IN ('UPDATE', 'INSERT') AND NEW.release_id IS NOT NULL THEN
+            UPDATE releases SET file_count = file_count + 1, size = size + coalesce(NEW.size, 0) WHERE id = NEW.release_id;
+          END IF;
+          RETURN NULL;
+        END $$`)
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        CREATE TRIGGER files_release_totals
+        AFTER INSERT OR DELETE OR UPDATE OF release_id, size ON files
+        FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION files_release_totals()`)
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    this.defer(async (db) => {
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS files_release_totals ON files')
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS files_release_totals()')
+    })
+    this.schema.alterTable('releases', (table) => {
+      table.dropColumn('size')
+      table.dropColumn('file_count')
+    })
+    this.schema.alterTable('files', (table) => table.dropColumn('size'))
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764860_add_release_completeness.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * Stored completeness for the "Complete" filter (CONCEPT.md D22); computing
+ * it per request took ~30 s on 34k releases. Triggers keep it current when
+ * files, par2 lists, sizes or announced totals change.
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    this.defer(async (db) => {
+      await db.rawQuery('CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS binaries_file_id_idx ON binaries (file_id)')
+      await db.rawQuery('CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS releases_contents_trgm ON releases USING gin ((contents::text) gin_trgm_ops)')
+      await db.rawQuery('ALTER TABLE releases ADD COLUMN complete boolean NOT NULL DEFAULT false')
+      await db.rawQuery('CREATE INDEX releases_complete_idx ON releases (complete)')
+
+      // All files announced by [i/M] are there, or every par2-listed file
+      // (>= 64 KiB) is present by exact size or real name.
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION release_complete(rid bigint) RETURNS boolean STABLE LANGUAGE sql AS $$
+          SELECT coalesce((
+            SELECT CASE
+              WHEN r.file_total IS NOT NULL THEN r.file_count >= r.file_total
+              WHEN EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM release_files rf WHERE rf.release_id = r.id) THEN NOT EXISTS (
+                SELECT 1 FROM release_files rf
+                WHERE rf.release_id = r.id AND rf.size >= 65536
+                  AND NOT EXISTS (
+                    SELECT 1 FROM files f JOIN binaries b ON b.file_id = f.id
+                    WHERE f.release_id = r.id AND (b.size = rf.size OR f.real_name = rf.name)))
+              ELSE false END
+            FROM releases r WHERE r.id = rid), false)
+        $$`)
+
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION refresh_release_complete(rid bigint) RETURNS void LANGUAGE sql AS $$
+          UPDATE releases SET complete = release_complete(rid) WHERE id = rid AND complete IS DISTINCT FROM release_complete(rid)
+        $$`)
+
+      // files: after the totals trigger has updated file_count (trigger names sort alphabetically).
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION files_release_complete() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+        BEGIN
+          IF TG_OP IN ('UPDATE', 'DELETE') AND OLD.release_id IS NOT NULL THEN PERFORM refresh_release_complete(OLD.release_id); END IF;
+          IF TG_OP IN ('UPDATE', 'INSERT') AND NEW.release_id IS NOT NULL THEN PERFORM refresh_release_complete(NEW.release_id); END IF;
+          RETURN NULL;
+        END $$`)
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        CREATE TRIGGER files_zz_release_complete
+        AFTER INSERT OR DELETE OR UPDATE OF release_id, size, real_name ON files
+        FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION files_release_complete()`)
+
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION release_files_release_complete() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+        BEGIN
+          PERFORM refresh_release_complete(NEW.release_id);
+          RETURN NULL;
+        END $$`)
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        CREATE TRIGGER release_files_release_complete
+        AFTER INSERT ON release_files FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION release_files_release_complete()`)
+
+      // An exact size from content inspection can make a par2-listed file "present".
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION binaries_release_complete() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+        BEGIN
+          IF NEW.file_id IS NOT NULL THEN
+            PERFORM refresh_release_complete(f.release_id) FROM files f WHERE f.id = NEW.file_id AND f.release_id IS NOT NULL;
+          END IF;
+          RETURN NULL;
+        END $$`)
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        CREATE TRIGGER binaries_release_complete
+        AFTER UPDATE OF size ON binaries FOR EACH ROW
+        WHEN (OLD.size IS DISTINCT FROM NEW.size) EXECUTE FUNCTION binaries_release_complete()`)
+
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION releases_file_total_complete() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+        BEGIN
+          PERFORM refresh_release_complete(NEW.id);
+          RETURN NULL;
+        END $$`)
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        CREATE TRIGGER releases_file_total_complete
+        AFTER UPDATE OF file_total ON releases FOR EACH ROW
+        WHEN (OLD.file_total IS DISTINCT FROM NEW.file_total) EXECUTE FUNCTION releases_file_total_complete()`)
+
+      await db.rawQuery('UPDATE releases SET complete = release_complete(id) WHERE file_count > 0')
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    this.defer(async (db) => {
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS releases_file_total_complete ON releases')
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS binaries_release_complete ON binaries')
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS release_files_release_complete ON release_files')
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS files_zz_release_complete ON files')
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS releases_file_total_complete()')
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS binaries_release_complete()')
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS release_files_release_complete()')
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS files_release_complete()')
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS refresh_release_complete(bigint)')
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS release_complete(bigint)')
+      await db.rawQuery('ALTER TABLE releases DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS complete')
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP INDEX IF EXISTS releases_contents_trgm')
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP INDEX IF EXISTS binaries_file_id_idx')
+    })
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764870_strict_par2_matching.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * par2 set id per listed file (traceability; see LOG.md 2026-09-28 for the
+ * cross-post merges it helps diagnose), and a stricter "random name" rule:
+ * long letter-only tokens with many capitals count as random too
+ * (e.g. RmISakytFwXSCEzjVEpaKk).
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    this.schema.alterTable('release_files', (table) => {
+      table.string('set_id', 32)
+    })
+    this.defer(async (db) => {
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION is_readable_name(name text) RETURNS boolean IMMUTABLE LANGUAGE sql AS $$
+          SELECT name IS NOT NULL AND NOT (
+            (name_stem(name) ~ '^[A-Za-z0-9]{16,}$' AND name_stem(name) ~ '[a-z]' AND name_stem(name) ~ '[A-Z]'
+              AND (name_stem(name) ~ '\\d' OR length(regexp_replace(name_stem(name), '[^A-Z]', '', 'g')) >= 6))
+            OR name_stem(name) ~* '^[0-9a-f]{16,}$')
+        $$`)
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    this.schema.alterTable('release_files', (table) => table.dropColumn('set_id'))
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764880_add_release_category.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * Newznab category per release (CONCEPT.md D23), derived from the name and
+ * the archive contents. A stored generated column, so it follows renames
+ * and newly listed contents without any application code.
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    this.defer(async (db) => {
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION release_category(name text, contents jsonb) RETURNS integer IMMUTABLE LANGUAGE sql AS $$
+          SELECT CASE
+            -- TV: S01E02, 1x02, or a season pack (S01).
+            WHEN name ~* '(^|[._ -])(S\\d{1,2}E\\d{1,3}|\\d{1,2}x\\d{2})([._ -]|$)' OR name ~* '[._ -]S\\d{1,2}([._ -]|$)' THEN
+              CASE WHEN name ~* '2160p|(^|[._ -])(uhd|4k)([._ -]|$)' THEN 5045
+                   WHEN name ~* '720p|1080p' THEN 5040 ELSE 5030 END
+            -- Movies: a year plus a source or quality marker.
+            WHEN name ~* '(^|[._ (-])(19|20)\\d{2}([._ )-]|$)'
+                 AND name ~* '(480p|576p|720p|1080p|2160p|blu-?ray|web-?dl|webrip|bdrip|brrip|dvdrip|hdtv|x26[45]|h\\.?26[45]|hevc|remux)' THEN
+              CASE WHEN name ~* '2160p|(^|[._ -])(uhd|4k)([._ -]|$)' THEN 2045
+                   WHEN name ~* '720p|1080p|blu-?ray' THEN 2040 ELSE 2030 END
+            -- Audio: lossless or mp3 by contents, otherwise scene music names (-WEB-2026-GROUP).
+            WHEN coalesce(contents::text, '') ~* '\\.flac"' OR name ~* '(^|[._ -])flac([._ -]|$)' THEN 3040
+            WHEN coalesce(contents::text, '') ~* '\\.mp3"' OR name ~* '(^|[._ -])mp3([._ -]|$)'
+                 OR name ~* '-(WEB|CD|CDM|CDS|EP|VINYL|VLS|SAT|FM|DAB)-(19|20)\\d{2}-[A-Za-z0-9]+$' THEN 3010
+            WHEN coalesce(contents::text, '') ~* '\\.(epub|mobi|azw3)"' OR name ~* '(^|[._ -])(epub|ebook|mobi)([._ -]|$)' THEN 7020
+            WHEN coalesce(contents::text, '') ~* '\\.(exe|msi|dmg)"' THEN 4000
+            ELSE 8010
+          END
+        $$`)
+      await db.rawQuery(
+        'ALTER TABLE releases ADD COLUMN category integer GENERATED ALWAYS AS (release_category(name, contents)) STORED'
+      )
+      await db.rawQuery('CREATE INDEX releases_category_idx ON releases (category)')
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    this.defer(async (db) => {
+      await db.rawQuery('ALTER TABLE releases DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS category')
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS release_category(text, jsonb)')
+    })
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764890_ignore_identical_reposts.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * A second article with the same part CRC is a repost of the same data, not
+ * a different file (CONCEPT.md D20). Drop such recorded conflicts and unflag
+ * binaries whose only conflicts were reposts. Binaries flagged before CRCs
+ * were stored (split_at = 'infinity') cannot be checked and stay flagged.
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    this.defer(async (db) => {
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        DELETE FROM part_conflicts c USING parts p
+        WHERE p.binary_id = c.binary_id AND p.number = c.number
+          AND p.pcrc32 IS NOT NULL AND c.pcrc32 IS NOT NULL AND p.pcrc32 = c.pcrc32`)
+      // Split volumes made from reposts are copies of their parent's file.
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        DELETE FROM binaries v USING binaries b
+        WHERE v.parent_binary_id = b.id AND v.completed_at IS NULL
+          AND b.conflicted_at IS NOT NULL AND b.split_at IS DISTINCT FROM 'infinity'
+          AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM part_conflicts c WHERE c.binary_id = b.id)`)
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        UPDATE binaries b SET conflicted_at = NULL
+        WHERE b.conflicted_at IS NOT NULL AND b.parent_binary_id IS NULL
+          AND b.split_at IS DISTINCT FROM 'infinity'
+          AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM part_conflicts c WHERE c.binary_id = b.id)`)
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {}
+}

database/migrations/1768620764900_add_fetch_bodies_to_groups.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * Body downloads per group (CONCEPT.md D24). Identifying obfuscated articles
+ * costs one body download each; busy groups carry far more of them than the
+ * line can fetch, so they are indexed header-only (normal subjects) unless
+ * enabled.
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  protected tableName = 'groups'
+
+  async up() {
+    this.schema.alterTable(this.tableName, (table) => {
+      table.boolean('fetch_bodies').notNullable().defaultTo(false)
+    })
+    this.defer(async (db) => {
+      await db.rawQuery(`UPDATE groups SET fetch_bodies = true WHERE name = 'alt.binaries.test'`)
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    this.schema.alterTable(this.tableName, (table) => table.dropColumn('fetch_bodies'))
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764910_readable_name_any_extension.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * is_readable_name(): also judge the stem without an unknown short
+ * extension, so `326678d1d07ef12a.bin` counts as random (CONCEPT.md D22).
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    this.defer(async (db) => {
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION is_readable_name(name text) RETURNS boolean IMMUTABLE LANGUAGE sql AS $$
+          WITH s AS (SELECT regexp_replace(name_stem(name), '\\.[A-Za-z0-9]{1,4}$', '') AS stem)
+          SELECT name IS NOT NULL AND NOT (
+            (stem ~ '^[A-Za-z0-9]{16,}$' AND stem ~ '[a-z]' AND stem ~ '[A-Z]'
+              AND (stem ~ '\\d' OR length(regexp_replace(stem, '[^A-Z]', '', 'g')) >= 6))
+            OR stem ~* '^[0-9a-f]{16,}$')
+          FROM s
+        $$`)
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {}
+}

database/migrations/1768620764920_add_content_types.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * File type by magic bytes (lib/content), and releases that are only an
+ * encrypted container (CONCEPT.md D25).
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    this.schema.alterTable('files', (table) => {
+      table.string('content_type', 16).index()
+    })
+    this.schema.alterTable('releases', (table) => {
+      // e.g. 'nzbe': an encrypted NZB, useless without its key.
+      table.string('container', 16)
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    this.schema.alterTable('releases', (table) => table.dropColumn('container'))
+    this.schema.alterTable('files', (table) => table.dropColumn('content_type'))
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764930_add_nzb_import.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * NZBs posted to Usenet are read into releases (CONCEPT.md D26): the archive
+ * password they may carry, and a lookup of files by their first segment.
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    this.schema.alterTable('releases', (table) => {
+      // From <meta type="password"> of a posted NZB; passed on in our NZBs.
+      table.text('password')
+    })
+    this.defer(async (db) => {
+      await db.rawQuery(`CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS files_first_segment_idx ON files ((message_ids->'1'->>'id'))`)
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    this.defer(async (db) => {
+      await db.rawQuery('DROP INDEX IF EXISTS files_first_segment_idx')
+    })
+    this.schema.alterTable('releases', (table) => table.dropColumn('password'))
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764940_name_stem_subtitles.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/** name_stem(): also strip subtitle extensions, as lib/release fileStem does. */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    this.defer(async (db) => {
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION name_stem(name text) RETURNS text IMMUTABLE LANGUAGE sql AS $$
+          SELECT regexp_replace(name,
+            '(\\.(part\\d+\\.rar|r\\d{2,3}|rar|vol\\d+[+-]\\d+\\.par2|par2|7z(\\.\\d{3})?|zip|\\d{3}|nfo|sfv|nzb|tar|zst|gz|xz|mkv|mp4|avi|m4v|ts|iso|img|flac|mp3|epub|pdf|jpg|png|srt|sub|idx|ass|ssa))+$',
+            '', 'i')
+        $$`)
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {}
+}

database/migrations/1768620764950_name_stem_split_volumes.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * name_stem(): strip a 3-digit split suffix only after a file extension
+ * (x.mkv.001), not codec names like H.264 / H.265, matching lib/release.
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    this.defer(async (db) => {
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION name_stem(name text) RETURNS text IMMUTABLE LANGUAGE sql AS $$
+          SELECT regexp_replace(
+            regexp_replace(name, '(\\.(7z|zip|rar|tar|mkv|mp4|avi|m4v|ts|m2ts|iso|img|bin|vob))\\.\\d{3}$', '\\1', 'i'),
+            '(\\.(part\\d+\\.rar|r\\d{2,3}|rar|vol\\d+[+-]\\d+\\.par2|par2|7z|zip|nfo|sfv|nzb|tar|zst|gz|xz|mkv|mp4|avi|m4v|ts|iso|img|flac|mp3|epub|pdf|jpg|png|srt|sub|idx|ass|ssa))+$',
+            '', 'i')
+        $$`)
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {}
+}

database/migrations/1768620764960_name_stem_more_extensions.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/** name_stem(): same extension list as lib/release fileStem (adds bin, m3u, cue, log, bz2). */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    this.defer(async (db) => {
+      await db.rawQuery(`
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION name_stem(name text) RETURNS text IMMUTABLE LANGUAGE sql AS $$
+          SELECT regexp_replace(
+            regexp_replace(name, '(\\.(7z|zip|rar|tar|mkv|mp4|avi|m4v|ts|m2ts|iso|img|bin|vob))\\.\\d{3}$', '\\1', 'i'),
+            '(\\.(part\\d+\\.rar|r\\d{2,3}|rar|vol\\d+[+-]\\d+\\.par2|par2|7z|zip|nfo|sfv|nzb|srr|srs|txt|md5|sha1|tar|zst|gz|xz|bz2|mkv|mp4|avi|m4v|ts|iso|img|bin|flac|mp3|epub|pdf|jpg|png|srt|sub|idx|ass|ssa|m3u|m3u8|cue|log))+$',
+            '', 'i')
+        $$`)
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {}
+}

database/migrations/1768620764970_create_deferred_files_table.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * Files of uploaders whose bodies are not fetched right away (ngPost, see
+ * CONCEPT.md D28): one row per file, from the headers alone. The row keeps
+ * the article range, so the file can be found again, and is the queue for
+ * worker:deferred, which fetches one body per file.
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    this.schema.createTable('deferred_files', (table) => {
+      table.bigIncrements('id')
+      table.string('file_key', 40).notNullable().unique()
+      // File name from the subject (random for ngPost).
+      table.text('name').notNullable()
+      table.text('subject').notNullable()
+      table.text('poster').notNullable()
+      // Article numbers are counted in the group where the file was first seen.
+      table.text('group_name').notNullable()
+      table.bigInteger('first_article').notNullable()
+      table.text('first_message_id').notNullable()
+      table.bigInteger('last_article').notNullable()
+      table.integer('article_count').notNullable()
+      table.bigInteger('bytes').notNullable()
+      table.timestamp('posted_at', { useTz: true })
+      table.timestamp('first_seen_at', { useTz: true }).notNullable()
+      table.timestamp('last_seen_at', { useTz: true }).notNullable()
+      // pending → sampled (one body read) or expanded (sent to the body queue) or failed.
+      table.string('status', 16).notNullable().defaultTo('pending')
+      table.timestamp('processed_at', { useTz: true })
+      // From the sampled body.
+      table.text('yenc_name')
+      table.bigInteger('size')
+      table.integer('total_parts')
+      table.integer('sampled_part')
+      table.string('content_type', 16)
+      table.boolean('encrypted')
+      table.text('error')
+      table.index(['status', 'last_seen_at'])
+      table.index(['first_seen_at'])
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    this.schema.dropTable('deferred_files')
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764980_create_deferred_ranges_table.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * Deferred articles whose headers don't say which file they belong to
+ * (ngPost with random subjects and a new poster every few articles, see
+ * CONCEPT.md D28). Only the article range per fetch batch is kept;
+ * `deferred:expand-ranges` finds the articles again and queues their bodies.
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    this.schema.createTable('deferred_ranges', (table) => {
+      table.bigIncrements('id')
+      table.text('group_name').notNullable()
+      table.bigInteger('first_article').notNullable()
+      table.bigInteger('last_article').notNullable()
+      table.integer('article_count').notNullable()
+      table.bigInteger('bytes').notNullable()
+      table.timestamp('created_at', { useTz: true }).notNullable()
+      table.timestamp('expanded_at', { useTz: true })
+      table.index(['expanded_at', 'id'])
+      table.index(['created_at'])
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    this.schema.dropTable('deferred_ranges')
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620764990_create_spots_table.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * Spotnet spots (CONCEPT.md D29): signed posts in free.pt that point to a
+ * compressed NZB. Filled from headers by worker:fetch, then worker:spots
+ * verifies each spot, reads its NZB and imports it as a release.
+ */
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  async up() {
+    this.schema.createTable('spots', (table) => {
+      table.text('message_id').primary()
+      table.text('group_name').notNullable()
+      table.bigInteger('article_number')
+      table.text('title').notNullable()
+      table.text('tag')
+      table.text('poster').notNullable()
+      table.integer('category')
+      table.jsonb('subcats')
+      table.bigInteger('size')
+      table.timestamp('posted_at', { useTz: true })
+      table.integer('key_id')
+      // Spotweb's spotter id (CRC of the poster's key), to check personal disposes.
+      table.text('spotter_id')
+      // pending → imported, or unverified / no-nzb / moderation / removed / failed.
+      table.string('status', 16).notNullable().defaultTo('pending')
+      table.bigInteger('release_id').references('releases.id').onDelete('SET NULL')
+      table.text('website')
+      table.text('error')
+      table.timestamp('created_at', { useTz: true }).notNullable()
+      table.timestamp('processed_at', { useTz: true })
+      table.index(['status', 'created_at'])
+      table.index(['release_id'])
+      table.index(['status', 'release_id'])
+    })
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    this.schema.dropTable('spots')
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620765000_partial_indexes.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * Smaller indexes (LOG.md 2026-09-28 (17)). 99.5% of releases have no files
+ * yet (most never will), and search only looks at releases with files; most
+ * binaries have no size, fingerprint, file or parent. Indexing only the rows
+ * that queries can match saves GBs and work on every insert. Built
+ * concurrently, so ingest keeps running.
+ */
+const INDEXES: [table: string, name: string, definition: string][] = [
+  ['releases', 'releases_name_trgm', `USING gin (name gin_trgm_ops) WHERE file_count > 0`],
+  ['releases', 'releases_contents_trgm', `USING gin ((contents::text) gin_trgm_ops) WHERE file_count > 0`],
+  ['releases', 'releases_posted_at_idx', `(posted_at DESC NULLS LAST) WHERE file_count > 0`],
+  ['releases', 'releases_size_index', `(size) WHERE file_count > 0`],
+  ['releases', 'releases_file_count_index', `(file_count) WHERE file_count > 0`],
+  ['releases', 'releases_complete_idx', `(complete) WHERE file_count > 0`],
+  ['releases', 'releases_category_idx', `(category) WHERE file_count > 0`],
+  ['binaries', 'binaries_md5_16k_index', `(md5_16k) WHERE md5_16k IS NOT NULL`],
+  ['binaries', 'binaries_size_index', `(size) WHERE size IS NOT NULL`],
+  ['binaries', 'binaries_file_id_idx', `(file_id) WHERE file_id IS NOT NULL`],
+  ['binaries', 'binaries_parent_binary_id_index', `(parent_binary_id) WHERE parent_binary_id IS NOT NULL`],
+]
+
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  static disableTransactions = true
+
+  async up() {
+    for (const [table, name, definition] of INDEXES) {
+      // Build the partial index under a temporary name, then swap it in.
+      await this.db.rawQuery(`DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF EXISTS ${name}_partial`)
+      await this.db.rawQuery(`CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY ${name}_partial ON ${table} ${definition}`)
+      await this.db.rawQuery(`DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF EXISTS ${name}`)
+      await this.db.rawQuery(`ALTER INDEX ${name}_partial RENAME TO ${name}`)
+    }
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    for (const [table, name, definition] of INDEXES) {
+      const full = definition.replace(/ WHERE .*$/, '')
+      await this.db.rawQuery(`DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF EXISTS ${name}`)
+      await this.db.rawQuery(`CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY ${name} ON ${table} ${full}`)
+    }
+  }
+}

database/migrations/1768620765010_spot_listings.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
+
+/**
+ * Spot listings (CONCEPT.md D29): old spots become a release without files
+ * (source `spot`), whose NZB is fetched when first downloaded. Search shows
+ * releases with files or spot listings, so the partial release indexes
+ * cover both. Spots are verified from their overview when fetched.
+ */
+const VISIBLE = `(file_count > 0 OR source = 'spot')`
+const INDEXES: [name: string, definition: string][] = [
+  ['releases_name_trgm', `USING gin (name gin_trgm_ops)`],
+  ['releases_contents_trgm', `USING gin ((contents::text) gin_trgm_ops)`],
+  ['releases_posted_at_idx', `(posted_at DESC NULLS LAST)`],
+  ['releases_size_index', `(size)`],
+  ['releases_file_count_index', `(file_count)`],
+  ['releases_complete_idx', `(complete)`],
+  ['releases_category_idx', `(category)`],
+]
+
+export default class extends BaseSchema {
+  static disableTransactions = true
+
+  async up() {
+    await this.db.rawQuery(`ALTER TABLE spots ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS verified boolean`)
+    await this.swap(VISIBLE)
+  }
+
+  async down() {
+    await this.swap('file_count > 0')
+    await this.db.rawQuery(`ALTER TABLE spots DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS verified`)
+  }
+
+  private async swap(predicate: string) {
+    for (const [name, definition] of INDEXES) {
+      await this.db.rawQuery(`DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF EXISTS ${name}_next`)
+      await this.db.rawQuery(`CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY ${name}_next ON releases ${definition} WHERE ${predicate}`)
+      await this.db.rawQuery(`DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF EXISTS ${name}`)
+      await this.db.rawQuery(`ALTER INDEX ${name}_next RENAME TO ${name}`)
+    }
+  }
+}

database/schema.ts

@@ -32,14 +32,158 @@ export class AuthAccessTokenSchema extends BaseModel {
   declare updatedAt: DateTime | null
 }
 
+export class BinarySchema extends BaseModel {
+  static $columns = ['completedAt', 'conflictedAt', 'fileId', 'fileKey', 'firstSeenAt', 'groups', 'id', 'lastSeenAt', 'md516K', 'name', 'parentBinaryId', 'postedAt', 'poster', 'realName', 'releaseId', 'size', 'splitAt', 'subject', 'totalParts'] as const
+  $columns = BinarySchema.$columns
+  @column.dateTime()
+  declare completedAt: DateTime | null
+  @column.dateTime()
+  declare conflictedAt: DateTime | null
+  @column()
+  declare fileId: number | null
+  @column()
+  declare fileKey: string
+  @column.dateTime()
+  declare firstSeenAt: DateTime
+  @column()
+  declare groups: any
+  @column({ isPrimary: true })
+  declare id: bigint | number
+  @column.dateTime()
+  declare lastSeenAt: DateTime
+  @column()
+  declare md516K: string | null
+  @column()
+  declare name: string
+  @column()
+  declare parentBinaryId: bigint | number | null
+  @column.dateTime()
+  declare postedAt: DateTime | null
+  @column()
+  declare poster: string
+  @column()
+  declare realName: string | null
+  @column()
+  declare releaseId: bigint | number | null
+  @column()
+  declare size: bigint | number | null
+  @column.dateTime()
+  declare splitAt: DateTime | null
+  @column()
+  declare subject: string
+  @column()
+  declare totalParts: number
+}
+
+export class DeferredFileSchema extends BaseModel {
+  static $columns = ['articleCount', 'bytes', 'contentType', 'encrypted', 'error', 'fileKey', 'firstArticle', 'firstMessageId', 'firstSeenAt', 'groupName', 'id', 'lastArticle', 'lastSeenAt', 'name', 'postedAt', 'poster', 'processedAt', 'sampledPart', 'size', 'status', 'subject', 'totalParts', 'yencName'] as const
+  $columns = DeferredFileSchema.$columns
+  @column()
+  declare articleCount: number
+  @column()
+  declare bytes: bigint | number
+  @column()
+  declare contentType: string | null
+  @column()
+  declare encrypted: boolean | null
+  @column()
+  declare error: string | null
+  @column()
+  declare fileKey: string
+  @column()
+  declare firstArticle: bigint | number
+  @column()
+  declare firstMessageId: string
+  @column.dateTime()
+  declare firstSeenAt: DateTime
+  @column()
+  declare groupName: string
+  @column({ isPrimary: true })
+  declare id: bigint | number
+  @column()
+  declare lastArticle: bigint | number
+  @column.dateTime()
+  declare lastSeenAt: DateTime
+  @column()
+  declare name: string
+  @column.dateTime()
+  declare postedAt: DateTime | null
+  @column()
+  declare poster: string
+  @column.dateTime()
+  declare processedAt: DateTime | null
+  @column()
+  declare sampledPart: number | null
+  @column()
+  declare size: bigint | number | null
+  @column()
+  declare status: string
+  @column()
+  declare subject: string
+  @column()
+  declare totalParts: number | null
+  @column()
+  declare yencName: string | null
+}
+
+export class DeferredRangeSchema extends BaseModel {
+  static $columns = ['articleCount', 'bytes', 'createdAt', 'expandedAt', 'firstArticle', 'groupName', 'id', 'lastArticle'] as const
+  $columns = DeferredRangeSchema.$columns
+  @column()
+  declare articleCount: number
+  @column()
+  declare bytes: bigint | number
+  @column.dateTime({ autoCreate: true })
+  declare createdAt: DateTime
+  @column.dateTime()
+  declare expandedAt: DateTime | null
+  @column()
+  declare firstArticle: bigint | number
+  @column()
+  declare groupName: string
+  @column({ isPrimary: true })
+  declare id: bigint | number
+  @column()
+  declare lastArticle: bigint | number
+}
+
+export class FetchRangeSchema extends BaseModel {
+  static $columns = ['createdAt', 'endId', 'error', 'groupId', 'id', 'requeues', 'startId', 'status', 'updatedAt'] as const
+  $columns = FetchRangeSchema.$columns
+  @column.dateTime({ autoCreate: true })
+  declare createdAt: DateTime
+  @column()
+  declare endId: bigint | number
+  @column()
+  declare error: string | null
+  @column()
+  declare groupId: number
+  @column({ isPrimary: true })
+  declare id: bigint | number
+  @column()
+  declare requeues: number
+  @column()
+  declare startId: bigint | number
+  @column()
+  declare status: string
+  @column.dateTime({ autoCreate: true, autoUpdate: true })
+  declare updatedAt: DateTime
+}
+
 export class FileSchema extends BaseModel {
-  static $columns = ['createdAt', 'date', 'filename', 'groups', 'id', 'messageIds', 'parts', 'poster', 'updatedAt'] as const
+  static $columns = ['archive', 'contentType', 'createdAt', 'date', 'fileKey', 'filename', 'groups', 'id', 'messageIds', 'parts', 'poster', 'realName', 'releaseId', 'size', 'updatedAt'] as const
   $columns = FileSchema.$columns
+  @column()
+  declare archive: any | null
+  @column()
+  declare contentType: string | null
   @column.dateTime({ autoCreate: true })
   declare createdAt: DateTime | null
   @column()
   declare date: bigint | number
   @column()
+  declare fileKey: string | null
+  @column()
   declare filename: string
   @column()
   declare groups: any | null
@@ -51,27 +195,184 @@ export class FileSchema extends BaseModel {
   declare parts: number
   @column()
   declare poster: string
+  @column()
+  declare realName: string | null
+  @column()
+  declare releaseId: bigint | number | null
+  @column()
+  declare size: bigint | number | null
   @column.dateTime({ autoCreate: true, autoUpdate: true })
   declare updatedAt: DateTime | null
 }
 
 export class GroupSchema extends BaseModel {
-  static $columns = ['active', 'createdAt', 'id', 'lastIndexedId', 'name', 'updatedAt'] as const
+  static $columns = ['active', 'createdAt', 'fetchBodies', 'id', 'lastIndexedId', 'lastQueuedId', 'name', 'updatedAt'] as const
   $columns = GroupSchema.$columns
   @column()
   declare active: boolean
   @column.dateTime({ autoCreate: true })
   declare createdAt: DateTime | null
+  @column()
+  declare fetchBodies: boolean
   @column({ isPrimary: true })
   declare id: number
   @column()
   declare lastIndexedId: bigint | number | null
   @column()
+  declare lastQueuedId: bigint | number
+  @column()
   declare name: string
   @column.dateTime({ autoCreate: true, autoUpdate: true })
   declare updatedAt: DateTime | null
 }
 
+export class PartConflictSchema extends BaseModel {
+  static $columns = ['articleNumber', 'binaryId', 'bytes', 'fileCrc32', 'md516K', 'messageId', 'number', 'partSize', 'pcrc32'] as const
+  $columns = PartConflictSchema.$columns
+  @column()
+  declare articleNumber: bigint | number | null
+  @column({ isPrimary: true })
+  declare binaryId: bigint | number
+  @column()
+  declare bytes: number
+  @column()
+  declare fileCrc32: string | null
+  @column()
+  declare md516K: string | null
+  @column()
+  declare messageId: string
+  @column()
+  declare number: number
+  @column()
+  declare partSize: number | null
+  @column()
+  declare pcrc32: string | null
+}
+
+export class PartSchema extends BaseModel {
+  static $columns = ['articleNumber', 'binaryId', 'bytes', 'fileCrc32', 'md516K', 'messageId', 'number', 'partSize', 'pcrc32'] as const
+  $columns = PartSchema.$columns
+  @column()
+  declare articleNumber: bigint | number | null
+  @column({ isPrimary: true })
+  declare binaryId: bigint | number
+  @column()
+  declare bytes: number
+  @column()
+  declare fileCrc32: string | null
+  @column()
+  declare md516K: string | null
+  @column()
+  declare messageId: string
+  @column()
+  declare number: number
+  @column()
+  declare partSize: number | null
+  @column()
+  declare pcrc32: string | null
+}
+
+export class ReleaseFileSchema extends BaseModel {
+  static $columns = ['md5', 'md516K', 'name', 'par2FileId', 'releaseId', 'setId', 'size'] as const
+  $columns = ReleaseFileSchema.$columns
+  @column()
+  declare md5: string | null
+  @column()
+  declare md516K: string
+  @column()
+  declare name: string
+  @column()
+  declare par2FileId: string
+  @column({ isPrimary: true })
+  declare releaseId: bigint | number
+  @column()
+  declare setId: string | null
+  @column()
+  declare size: bigint | number
+}
+
+export class ReleaseSchema extends BaseModel {
+  static $columns = ['category', 'complete', 'container', 'contents', 'encrypted', 'fileCount', 'fileTotal', 'firstSeenAt', 'groups', 'id', 'lastSeenAt', 'name', 'password', 'postedAt', 'poster', 'releaseKey', 'size', 'source'] as const
+  $columns = ReleaseSchema.$columns
+  @column()
+  declare category: number | null
+  @column()
+  declare complete: boolean
+  @column()
+  declare container: string | null
+  @column()
+  declare contents: any | null
+  @column()
+  declare encrypted: boolean | null
+  @column()
+  declare fileCount: number
+  @column()
+  declare fileTotal: number | null
+  @column.dateTime()
+  declare firstSeenAt: DateTime
+  @column()
+  declare groups: any
+  @column({ isPrimary: true })
+  declare id: bigint | number
+  @column.dateTime()
+  declare lastSeenAt: DateTime
+  @column()
+  declare name: string
+  @column({ serializeAs: null })
+  declare password: string | null
+  @column.dateTime()
+  declare postedAt: DateTime | null
+  @column()
+  declare poster: string | null
+  @column()
+  declare releaseKey: string
+  @column()
+  declare size: bigint | number
+  @column()
+  declare source: string | null
+}
+
+export class SpotSchema extends BaseModel {
+  static $columns = ['articleNumber', 'category', 'createdAt', 'error', 'groupName', 'keyId', 'messageId', 'postedAt', 'poster', 'processedAt', 'releaseId', 'size', 'spotterId', 'status', 'subcats', 'tag', 'title', 'website'] as const
+  $columns = SpotSchema.$columns
+  @column()
+  declare articleNumber: bigint | number | null
+  @column()
+  declare category: number | null
+  @column.dateTime({ autoCreate: true })
+  declare createdAt: DateTime
+  @column()
+  declare error: string | null
+  @column()
+  declare groupName: string
+  @column()
+  declare keyId: number | null
+  @column({ isPrimary: true })
+  declare messageId: string
+  @column.dateTime()
+  declare postedAt: DateTime | null
+  @column()
+  declare poster: string
+  @column.dateTime()
+  declare processedAt: DateTime | null
+  @column()
+  declare releaseId: bigint | number | null
+  @column()
+  declare size: bigint | number | null
+  @column()
+  declare spotterId: string | null
+  @column()
+  declare status: string
+  @column()
+  declare subcats: any | null
+  @column()
+  declare tag: string | null
+  @column()
+  declare title: string
+  @column()
+  declare website: string | null
+}
+
 export class UserSchema extends BaseModel {
   static $columns = ['createdAt', 'email', 'fullName', 'id', 'password', 'updatedAt'] as const
   $columns = UserSchema.$columns

lib/content/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+/**
+ * Content recognition by magic bytes, independent of AdonisJS.
+ */
+export { sniffContentType, type ContentType } from './sniff.js'

lib/content/sniff.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/**
+ * Recognises a file type from its first bytes, independent of AdonisJS.
+ * `nzbe` is an encrypted-NZB container seen on Usenet (LOG.md 2026-09-28 (11)):
+ * "nzbe", 16 random bytes (salt/IV), then ciphertext.
+ */
+export type ContentType =
+  | 'nzbe'
+  | 'par2'
+  | 'rar4'
+  | 'rar5'
+  | '7z'
+  | 'zip'
+  | 'zstd'
+  | 'gzip'
+  | 'xz'
+  | 'matroska'
+  | 'mp4'
+  | 'rclone'
+  | 'iso'
+  | 'udf'
+  | 'pdf'
+  | 'nzb'
+  | 'jpeg'
+  | 'png'
+  | 'mp3'
+  | 'flac'
+  | 'avi'
+  | 'wav'
+  | 'ogg'
+  | 'bzip2'
+
+const SIGNATURES: [ContentType, number, number[]][] = [
+  ['nzbe', 0, [0x6e, 0x7a, 0x62, 0x65]],
+  ['par2', 0, [0x50, 0x41, 0x52, 0x32, 0x00, 0x50, 0x4b, 0x54]],
+  ['rar5', 0, [0x52, 0x61, 0x72, 0x21, 0x1a, 0x07, 0x01, 0x00]],
+  ['rar4', 0, [0x52, 0x61, 0x72, 0x21, 0x1a, 0x07, 0x00]],
+  ['7z', 0, [0x37, 0x7a, 0xbc, 0xaf, 0x27, 0x1c]],
+  ['zip', 0, [0x50, 0x4b, 0x03, 0x04]],
+  ['zstd', 0, [0x28, 0xb5, 0x2f, 0xfd]],
+  ['gzip', 0, [0x1f, 0x8b]],
+  ['xz', 0, [0xfd, 0x37, 0x7a, 0x58, 0x5a, 0x00]],
+  ['matroska', 0, [0x1a, 0x45, 0xdf, 0xa3]],
+  ['mp4', 4, [0x66, 0x74, 0x79, 0x70]], // "ftyp" box
+  ['rclone', 0, [0x52, 0x43, 0x4c, 0x4f, 0x4e, 0x45]], // rclone crypt
+  ['pdf', 0, [0x25, 0x50, 0x44, 0x46, 0x2d]],
+  ['jpeg', 0, [0xff, 0xd8, 0xff]],
+  ['png', 0, [0x89, 0x50, 0x4e, 0x47, 0x0d, 0x0a, 0x1a, 0x0a]],
+  ['mp3', 0, [0x49, 0x44, 0x33]], // "ID3" tag
+  ['flac', 0, [0x66, 0x4c, 0x61, 0x43]], // "fLaC"
+  ['ogg', 0, [0x4f, 0x67, 0x67, 0x53]], // "OggS"
+  ['bzip2', 0, [0x42, 0x5a, 0x68]], // "BZh"
+]
+
+export function sniffContentType(data: Buffer): ContentType | null {
+  for (const [type, offset, bytes] of SIGNATURES) {
+    if (data.length >= offset + bytes.length && bytes.every((b, i) => data[offset + i] === b)) return type
+  }
+  // Disc images, visible when the first part is big enough (sector 16 at 32 KiB):
+  // ISO 9660 has "CD001"; UDF (DVD/Blu-ray) has BEA01 followed by NSR02/NSR03.
+  if (data.length >= 0x8006 && data.subarray(0x8001, 0x8006).toString('latin1') === 'CD001') return 'iso'
+  if (data.length >= 0x8806 && data.subarray(0x8001, 0x8006).toString('latin1') === 'BEA01' &&
+      /^NSR0[23]$/.test(data.subarray(0x8801, 0x8806).toString('latin1'))) return 'udf'
+  // RIFF container: AVI or WAV by form type.
+  if (data.length >= 12 && data.subarray(0, 4).toString('latin1') === 'RIFF') {
+    const form = data.subarray(8, 12).toString('latin1')
+    if (form === 'AVI ') return 'avi'
+    if (form === 'WAVE') return 'wav'
+  }
+  const head = data.subarray(0, 512).toString('latin1')
+  if (/^\s*(<\?xml[^>]*>\s*)?(<!DOCTYPE nzb|<nzb[\s>])/.test(head)) return 'nzb'
+  return null
+}

lib/newznab/categories.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/** Newznab categories this indexer assigns (see release_category() in SQL). */
+export const CATEGORIES: { id: number; name: string; subcats: { id: number; name: string }[] }[] = [
+  { id: 2000, name: 'Movies', subcats: [{ id: 2030, name: 'SD' }, { id: 2040, name: 'HD' }, { id: 2045, name: 'UHD' }] },
+  { id: 3000, name: 'Audio', subcats: [{ id: 3010, name: 'MP3' }, { id: 3040, name: 'Lossless' }] },
+  { id: 4000, name: 'PC', subcats: [] },
+  { id: 5000, name: 'TV', subcats: [{ id: 5030, name: 'SD' }, { id: 5040, name: 'HD' }, { id: 5045, name: 'UHD' }] },
+  { id: 7000, name: 'Books', subcats: [{ id: 7020, name: 'Ebook' }] },
+  { id: 8000, name: 'Other', subcats: [{ id: 8010, name: 'Misc' }] },
+]
+
+/** Parent category of a (sub)category, e.g. 5040 → 5000. */
+export function parentCategory(id: number): number {
+  return Math.floor(id / 1000) * 1000
+}
+
+/** "TV > HD" style label. */
+export function categoryLabel(id: number): string {
+  const parent = CATEGORIES.find((c) => c.id === parentCategory(id))
+  if (!parent) return 'Other'
+  const sub = parent.subcats.find((s) => s.id === id)
+  return sub ? `${parent.name} > ${sub.name}` : parent.name
+}
+
+/**
+ * Expands requested categories (`cat=5000,2040`) to the concrete ones to
+ * match: a parent includes all of its subcategories.
+ */
+export function expandCategories(requested: number[]): number[] {
+  const result = new Set<number>()
+  for (const id of requested) {
+    const parent = CATEGORIES.find((c) => c.id === id)
+    if (parent) {
+      result.add(parent.id)
+      for (const sub of parent.subcats) result.add(sub.id)
+    } else {
+      result.add(id)
+    }
+  }
+  return [...result]
+}

lib/newznab/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+/**
+ * Newznab API formatting, independent of AdonisJS. See CONCEPT.md (D23).
+ */
+export { CATEGORIES, categoryLabel, expandCategories, parentCategory } from './categories.js'
+export { capsXml, errorXml, resultsXml, type NewznabItem, type NewznabServer } from './xml.js'

lib/newznab/xml.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import { create } from 'xmlbuilder2'
+import { CATEGORIES, categoryLabel, parentCategory } from './categories.js'
+
+const NEWZNAB_NS = 'http://www.newznab.com/DTD/2010/feeds/attributes/'
+
+export interface NewznabItem {
+  id: number
+  title: string
+  category: number
+  size: number
+  files: number
+  postedAt: Date | null
+  poster: string | null
+  groups: string[]
+  password: boolean
+  season?: string
+  episode?: string
+}
+
+export interface NewznabServer {
+  title: string
+  /** Absolute base URL, e.g. http://homelab:3333 */
+  baseUrl: string
+  /** Appended to download links so a client can fetch without extra config. */
+  apiKey?: string
+}
+
+/** Newznab error codes: 100 credentials, 200/201 parameters, 202 function, 300 item. */
+export function errorXml(code: number, description: string): string {
+  return create({ version: '1.0', encoding: 'UTF-8' })
+    .ele('error', { code: String(code), description })
+    .end({ prettyPrint: true })
+}
+
+export function capsXml(server: NewznabServer, limits: { max: number; default: number }): string {
+  const caps = create({ version: '1.0', encoding: 'UTF-8' }).ele('caps')
+  caps.ele('server', { version: '1.0', title: server.title, strapline: 'Usenet indexer', url: `${server.baseUrl}/` })
+  caps.ele('limits', { max: String(limits.max), default: String(limits.default) })
+  caps.ele('registration', { available: 'no', open: 'no' })
+  const searching = caps.ele('searching')
+  searching.ele('search', { available: 'yes', supportedParams: 'q' })
+  searching.ele('tv-search', { available: 'yes', supportedParams: 'q,season,ep' })
+  searching.ele('movie-search', { available: 'yes', supportedParams: 'q' })
+  searching.ele('audio-search', { available: 'yes', supportedParams: 'q' })
+  searching.ele('book-search', { available: 'yes', supportedParams: 'q' })
+  const categories = caps.ele('categories')
+  for (const category of CATEGORIES) {
+    const element = categories.ele('category', { id: String(category.id), name: category.name })
+    for (const sub of category.subcats) element.ele('subcat', { id: String(sub.id), name: sub.name })
+  }
+  return caps.end({ prettyPrint: true })
+}
+
+export function resultsXml(server: NewznabServer, items: NewznabItem[], offset: number, total: number): string {
+  const rss = create({ version: '1.0', encoding: 'UTF-8' }).ele('rss', {
+    'version': '2.0',
+    'xmlns:atom': 'http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom',
+    'xmlns:newznab': NEWZNAB_NS,
+  })
+  const channel = rss.ele('channel')
+  channel.ele('title').txt(server.title)
+  channel.ele('description').txt(`${server.title} API results`)
+  channel.ele('link').txt(`${server.baseUrl}/`)
+  channel.ele('newznab:response', { offset: String(offset), total: String(total) })
+
+  const key = server.apiKey ? `&apikey=${encodeURIComponent(server.apiKey)}` : ''
+  for (const item of items) {
+    const getUrl = `${server.baseUrl}/api?t=get&id=${item.id}${key}`
+    const pubDate = (item.postedAt ?? new Date()).toUTCString()
+    const element = channel.ele('item')
+    element.ele('title').txt(item.title)
+    element.ele('guid', { isPermaLink: 'false' }).txt(String(item.id))
+    element.ele('link').txt(getUrl)
+    element.ele('comments').txt(`${server.baseUrl}/?release=${item.id}`)
+    element.ele('pubDate').txt(pubDate)
+    element.ele('category').txt(categoryLabel(item.category))
+    element.ele('description').txt(item.title)
+    element.ele('enclosure', { url: getUrl, length: String(item.size), type: 'application/x-nzb' })
+
+    const attr = (name: string, value: string | number) =>
+      element.ele('newznab:attr', { name, value: String(value) })
+    attr('category', parentCategory(item.category))
+    if (item.category !== parentCategory(item.category)) attr('category', item.category)
+    attr('size', item.size)
+    attr('files', item.files)
+    attr('grabs', 0)
+    attr('password', item.password ? 1 : 0)
+    if (item.poster) attr('poster', item.poster)
+    if (item.groups.length) attr('group', item.groups[0])
+    attr('usenetdate', pubDate)
+    if (item.season) attr('season', item.season)
+    if (item.episode) attr('episode', item.episode)
+  }
+  return rss.end({ prettyPrint: true })
+}

lib/nntp/group.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+export interface GroupInfo {
+  count: bigint
+  first: bigint
+  last: bigint
+  name: string
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parses a `211 count first last name` GROUP reply (RFC 3977 §6.1.1).
+ *
+ * nntp-js's own `group()` destructures this reply without skipping the status
+ * code, so its `first`/`last` are off by one field. Pass it `result.resp`.
+ */
+export function parseGroupResponse(resp: string): GroupInfo {
+  const match = /^211\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\S+)/.exec(resp.trim())
+  if (!match) throw new Error(`Unexpected GROUP response: ${resp}`)
+  return {
+    count: BigInt(match[1]),
+    first: BigInt(match[2]),
+    last: BigInt(match[3]),
+    name: match[4],
+  }
+}

lib/nntp/xref.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/**
+ * Returns the group names from an Xref header,
+ * e.g. `news.eweka.nl alt.binaries.test:123 alt.binaries.x:456`.
+ */
+export function parseXrefGroups(xref: string | undefined): string[] {
+  if (!xref) return []
+  return xref
+    .trim()
+    .split(/\s+/)
+    .slice(1)
+    .map((entry) => entry.slice(0, entry.lastIndexOf(':')))
+    .filter(Boolean)
+}

lib/nzb/build.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import { create } from 'xmlbuilder2'
+
+export interface NzbFile {
+  /** Name the downloader should use; the real name when it is known. */
+  name: string
+  poster: string
+  /** Posting time in milliseconds. */
+  date: number
+  groups: string[]
+  /** Segment number → message-id (without angle brackets) and article size. */
+  segments: Record<string, { id: string; size: number }>
+}
+
+export interface NzbOptions {
+  /** Shown by downloaders as the job name. */
+  title?: string
+  /** Archive password, when known. */
+  password?: string
+}
+
+/**
+ * Builds an NZB 1.1 document (newzbin DTD). The subject follows the common
+ * `"name" yEnc (1/N)` form, which downloaders use to name the file.
+ */
+export function buildNzb(files: NzbFile[], options: NzbOptions = {}): string {
+  const root = create({ version: '1.0', encoding: 'UTF-8' })
+    .dtd({ pubID: '-//newzBin//DTD NZB 1.1//EN', sysID: 'http://www.newzbin.com/DTD/nzb/nzb-1.1.dtd' })
+    .ele('nzb', { xmlns: 'http://www.newzbin.com/DTD/2003/nzb' })
+
+  if (options.title || options.password) {
+    const head = root.ele('head')
+    if (options.title) head.ele('meta', { type: 'name' }).txt(options.title)
+    if (options.password) head.ele('meta', { type: 'password' }).txt(options.password)
+  }
+
+  for (const file of files) {
+    const numbers = Object.keys(file.segments)
+      .map(Number)
+      .sort((a, b) => a - b)
+    const element = root.ele('file', {
+      poster: file.poster,
+      date: String(Math.floor(file.date / 1000)),
+      subject: `"${file.name}" yEnc (1/${numbers.length})`,
+    })
+    const groups = element.ele('groups')
+    for (const group of file.groups) groups.ele('group').txt(group)
+    const segments = element.ele('segments')
+    for (const number of numbers) {
+      const segment = file.segments[String(number)]
+      segments.ele('segment', { bytes: String(segment.size), number: String(number) }).txt(segment.id)
+    }
+  }
+  return root.end({ prettyPrint: true })
+}

lib/nzb/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+/**
+ * NZB generation, independent of AdonisJS.
+ */
+export { buildNzb, type NzbFile, type NzbOptions } from './build.js'
+export { parseNzb, type ParsedNzb, type ParsedNzbFile } from './parse.js'

lib/nzb/parse.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+export interface ParsedNzbFile {
+  poster: string
+  /** Posting time in seconds (as in the NZB). */
+  date: number
+  subject: string
+  groups: string[]
+  segments: { number: number; bytes: number; id: string }[]
+}
+
+export interface ParsedNzb {
+  /** <head><meta type="..."> values, e.g. name, password, category. */
+  meta: Record<string, string>
+  files: ParsedNzbFile[]
+}
+
+const ENTITIES: Record<string, string> = { amp: '&', lt: '<', gt: '>', quot: '"', apos: "'" }
+
+function decode(text: string): string {
+  return text.replace(/&(#x[0-9a-f]+|#\d+|[a-z]+);/gi, (match, entity: string) => {
+    if (entity[0] === '#') {
+      const code = entity[1].toLowerCase() === 'x' ? Number.parseInt(entity.slice(2), 16) : Number.parseInt(entity.slice(1), 10)
+      return Number.isFinite(code) && code > 0 && code <= 0x10ffff ? String.fromCodePoint(code) : match
+    }
+    return ENTITIES[entity.toLowerCase()] ?? match
+  })
+}
+
+function attributes(tag: string): Record<string, string> {
+  const result: Record<string, string> = {}
+  for (const m of tag.matchAll(/([\w:-]+)\s*=\s*("([^"]*)"|'([^']*)')/g)) result[m[1]] = decode(m[3] ?? m[4] ?? '')
+  return result
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parses an NZB (1.0/1.1 and the older 0.9 DTD). A tolerant scanner rather
+ * than a full XML parser: NZBs are flat, and this never resolves DTDs or
+ * external entities. Returns null when there is no <nzb> root.
+ */
+export function parseNzb(xml: string, limits = { maxFiles: 20_000 }): ParsedNzb | null {
+  if (!/<nzb[\s>]/i.test(xml)) return null
+
+  const meta: Record<string, string> = {}
+  const head = /<head>([\s\S]*?)<\/head>/i.exec(xml)?.[1] ?? ''
+  for (const m of head.matchAll(/<meta\s([^>]*)>([\s\S]*?)<\/meta>/gi)) {
+    const type = attributes(m[1]).type
+    if (type) meta[type.toLowerCase()] = decode(m[2].trim())
+  }
+
+  const files: ParsedNzbFile[] = []
+  for (const m of xml.matchAll(/<file\s([^>]*)>([\s\S]*?)<\/file>/gi)) {
+    if (files.length >= limits.maxFiles) break
+    const attrs = attributes(m[1])
+    const body = m[2]
+    const groups = [...body.matchAll(/<group>([^<]*)<\/group>/gi)].map((g) => decode(g[1].trim())).filter(Boolean)
+    const segments = [...body.matchAll(/<segment\s([^>]*)>([^<]*)<\/segment>/gi)]
+      .map((s) => {
+        const a = attributes(s[1])
+        return { number: Number(a.number), bytes: Number(a.bytes) || 0, id: decode(s[2].trim()).replace(/^<|>$/g, '') }
+      })
+      .filter((s) => Number.isInteger(s.number) && s.number > 0 && s.id)
+      .sort((x, y) => x.number - y.number)
+    if (segments.length === 0) continue
+    files.push({
+      poster: attrs.poster ?? '',
+      date: Number(attrs.date) || 0,
+      subject: attrs.subject ?? '',
+      groups,
+      segments,
+    })
+  }
+  return { meta, files }
+}

lib/par2/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+/**
+ * PAR2 parsing, independent of AdonisJS. Used to recover the real filenames
+ * and sizes of obfuscated posts. See CONCEPT.md (D16).
+ */
+export { parsePar2, isPar2, type Par2File, type Par2Set } from './parse.js'

lib/par2/parse.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+import { createHash } from 'node:crypto'
+
+export interface Par2File {
+  /** File ID (hex): MD5 of md5_16k, length and name, as defined by PAR2. */
+  fileId: string
+  /** MD5 of the whole file (hex). */
+  md5: string
+  /** MD5 of the first 16 KiB (hex). */
+  md5_16k: string
+  length: number
+  name: string
+}
+
+export interface Par2Set {
+  /** Recovery set ID (hex), shared by every packet of one par2 set. */
+  recoverySetId: string
+  files: Par2File[]
+}
+
+const MAGIC = Buffer.from('PAR2\0PKT', 'latin1')
+const HEADER_SIZE = 64
+const FILE_DESC = Buffer.from('PAR 2.0\0FileDesc', 'latin1')
+
+export function isPar2(data: Buffer): boolean {
+  return data.subarray(0, MAGIC.length).equals(MAGIC)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads the FileDesc packets of a par2 file (index or recovery volume).
+ * Packets with a bad length or checksum are skipped; parsing resumes at the
+ * next magic sequence. Returns null when no valid FileDesc packet is found.
+ */
+export function parsePar2(data: Buffer): Par2Set | null {
+  const files = new Map<string, Par2File>()
+  let recoverySetId: string | undefined
+  let offset = data.indexOf(MAGIC)
+
+  while (offset !== -1 && offset + HEADER_SIZE <= data.length) {
+    const length = Number(data.readBigUInt64LE(offset + 8))
+    const valid =
+      length >= HEADER_SIZE &&
+      length % 4 === 0 &&
+      offset + length <= data.length &&
+      createHash('md5')
+        .update(data.subarray(offset + 32, offset + length))
+        .digest()
+        .equals(data.subarray(offset + 16, offset + 32))
+
+    if (!valid) {
+      offset = data.indexOf(MAGIC, offset + 1)
+      continue
+    }
+
+    const setId = data.subarray(offset + 32, offset + 48).toString('hex')
+    const type = data.subarray(offset + 48, offset + 64)
+    if (type.equals(FILE_DESC) && (!recoverySetId || recoverySetId === setId)) {
+      recoverySetId = setId
+      const body = data.subarray(offset + HEADER_SIZE, offset + length)
+      const fileId = body.subarray(0, 16).toString('hex')
+      files.set(fileId, {
+        fileId,
+        md5: body.subarray(16, 32).toString('hex'),
+        md5_16k: body.subarray(32, 48).toString('hex'),
+        length: Number(body.readBigUInt64LE(48)),
+        // The name is padded with NULs to a multiple of 4 bytes.
+        name: body.subarray(56).toString('utf8').replace(/\0+$/, ''),
+      })
+    }
+    offset += length
+  }
+
+  if (!recoverySetId || files.size === 0) return null
+  return { recoverySetId, files: [...files.values()] }
+}

lib/rar/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+/**
+ * RAR (4.x and 5.0) header parsing, independent of AdonisJS. Lists archive
+ * contents from the first segment of a first volume. See CONCEPT.md (D19).
+ */
+export { parseRarHeaders, rarFormat, decodeRar4Name, storedEntryData, type RarInfo, type RarEntry } from './parse.js'

lib/rar/parse.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+import { crc32 } from 'node:zlib'
+
+export interface RarEntry {
+  name: string
+  /** Unpacked size in bytes (null when the archiver did not record it). */
+  size: number | null
+  packedSize: number
+  directory: boolean
+  /** The file's data is password protected. */
+  encrypted: boolean
+  /** Continues from the previous volume. */
+  splitBefore: boolean
+  /** Continues in the next volume. */
+  splitAfter: boolean
+  /** Stored without compression, so the data can be copied out as is. */
+  stored: boolean
+  /** Offset of the entry's (packed) data in the parsed buffer. */
+  dataOffset: number
+}
+
+export interface RarInfo {
+  format: 'rar4' | 'rar5'
+  /** Part of a multi-volume set. */
+  volume: boolean
+  /** First volume of the set (null when the format version does not say). */
+  firstVolume: boolean | null
+  solid: boolean
+  /** File names are encrypted too; nothing can be listed without the password. */
+  headersEncrypted: boolean
+  entries: RarEntry[]
+  /** The buffer ended before the end-of-archive header (normal for one segment). */
+  truncated: boolean
+}
+
+const RAR4_MARKER = Buffer.from([0x52, 0x61, 0x72, 0x21, 0x1a, 0x07, 0x00])
+const RAR5_MARKER = Buffer.from([0x52, 0x61, 0x72, 0x21, 0x1a, 0x07, 0x01, 0x00])
+
+export function rarFormat(data: Buffer): 'rar4' | 'rar5' | null {
+  if (data.subarray(0, RAR5_MARKER.length).equals(RAR5_MARKER)) return 'rar5'
+  if (data.subarray(0, RAR4_MARKER.length).equals(RAR4_MARKER)) return 'rar4'
+  return null
+}
+
+/**
+ * Lists a RAR archive from its headers only, so the first segment of a first
+ * volume is enough. Returns null when the data is not a RAR archive.
+ */
+export function parseRarHeaders(data: Buffer): RarInfo | null {
+  const format = rarFormat(data)
+  if (format === 'rar4') return parseRar4(data)
+  if (format === 'rar5') return parseRar5(data)
+  return null
+}
+
+// --- RAR 4.x (RAR 1.5 – 4.x archive format) -------------------------------
+
+const R4_MAIN = 0x73
+const R4_FILE = 0x74
+const R4_END = 0x7b
+const R4_LONG_BLOCK = 0x8000
+
+function parseRar4(data: Buffer): RarInfo {
+  const info: RarInfo = {
+    format: 'rar4',
+    volume: false,
+    firstVolume: null,
+    solid: false,
+    headersEncrypted: false,
+    entries: [],
+    truncated: true,
+  }
+  let p = RAR4_MARKER.length
+
+  while (p + 7 <= data.length) {
+    const headCrc = data.readUInt16LE(p)
+    const type = data[p + 2]
+    const flags = data.readUInt16LE(p + 3)
+    const size = data.readUInt16LE(p + 5)
+    if (size < 7 || p + size > data.length) break
+
+    if (type === R4_END) {
+      info.truncated = false
+      break
+    }
+
+    let next = p + size + (flags & R4_LONG_BLOCK && size >= 11 ? data.readUInt32LE(p + 7) : 0)
+
+    if (type === R4_MAIN) {
+      info.volume = Boolean(flags & 0x0001)
+      info.solid = Boolean(flags & 0x0008)
+      info.firstVolume = info.volume ? Boolean(flags & 0x0100) : true
+      if (flags & 0x0080) {
+        info.headersEncrypted = true
+        break
+      }
+    } else if (type === R4_FILE) {
+      if (size < 32 || (crc32(data.subarray(p + 2, p + size)) & 0xffff) !== headCrc) break
+      const large = Boolean(flags & 0x0100)
+      let packed = data.readUInt32LE(p + 7)
+      let unpacked = data.readUInt32LE(p + 11)
+      const nameSize = data.readUInt16LE(p + 26)
+      let nameStart = p + 32
+      if (large) {
+        packed += data.readUInt32LE(p + 32) * 2 ** 32
+        unpacked += data.readUInt32LE(p + 36) * 2 ** 32
+        nameStart = p + 40
+      }
+      const rawName = data.subarray(nameStart, nameStart + nameSize)
+      info.entries.push({
+        name: flags & 0x0200 ? decodeRar4Name(rawName) : rawName.toString('latin1'),
+        // 0xffffffff with LHD_LARGE unset means "unknown" in some archivers.
+        size: unpacked === 0xffffffff && !large ? null : unpacked,
+        packedSize: packed,
+        directory: (flags & 0x00e0) === 0x00e0,
+        encrypted: Boolean(flags & 0x0004),
+        splitBefore: Boolean(flags & 0x0001),
+        splitAfter: Boolean(flags & 0x0002),
+        stored: data[p + 25] === 0x30,
+        dataOffset: p + size,
+      })
+      next = p + size + packed
+    }
+
+    if (next <= p) break
+    p = next
+  }
+  // Archivers before RAR 3.0 don't set the first-volume flag; a first
+  // volume is one whose first file does not continue from a previous one.
+  if (info.volume && !info.firstVolume && info.entries.length > 0 && !info.entries[0].splitBefore) {
+    info.firstVolume = true
+  }
+  return info
+}
+
+/**
+ * RAR 4 stores Unicode names as "ASCII\0<compressed UTF-16>", where the
+ * compressed part refers back to the ASCII bytes (unrar's DecodeFileName).
+ */
+export function decodeRar4Name(raw: Buffer): string {
+  const zero = raw.indexOf(0)
+  if (zero === -1) return raw.toString('utf8')
+  const ascii = raw.subarray(0, zero)
+  const enc = raw.subarray(zero + 1)
+  if (enc.length === 0) return ascii.toString('latin1')
+
+  const out: number[] = []
+  const highByte = enc[0]
+  let encPos = 1
+  let flags = 0
+  let flagBits = 0
+  while (encPos < enc.length) {
+    if (flagBits === 0) {
+      flags = enc[encPos++]
+      flagBits = 8
+    }
+    switch (flags >> 6) {
+      case 0:
+        out.push(enc[encPos++])
+        break
+      case 1:
+        out.push(enc[encPos++] + (highByte << 8))
+        break
+      case 2:
+        out.push(enc[encPos] + (enc[encPos + 1] << 8))
+        encPos += 2
+        break
+      case 3: {
+        let length = enc[encPos++]
+        if (length & 0x80) {
+          const correction = enc[encPos++]
+          for (length = (length & 0x7f) + 2; length > 0 && out.length < ascii.length; length--) {
+            out.push(((ascii[out.length] + correction) & 0xff) + (highByte << 8))
+          }
+        } else {
+          for (length += 2; length > 0 && out.length < ascii.length; length--) {
+            out.push(ascii[out.length])
+          }
+        }
+        break
+      }
+    }
+    flags = (flags << 2) & 0xff
+    flagBits -= 2
+  }
+  return String.fromCharCode(...out)
+}
+
+// --- RAR 5.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const R5_MAIN = 1
+const R5_FILE = 2
+const R5_ENCRYPTION = 4
+const R5_END = 5
+
+/** Reads a RAR5 variable-length integer: 7 bits per byte, little-endian. */
+function vint(data: Buffer, offset: number): { value: number; next: number } | null {
+  let value = 0
+  let shift = 1
+  for (let i = offset; i < data.length && i < offset + 10; i++) {
+    value += (data[i] & 0x7f) * shift
+    shift *= 128
+    if (!(data[i] & 0x80)) return { value, next: i + 1 }
+  }
+  return null
+}
+
+function parseRar5(data: Buffer): RarInfo {
+  const info: RarInfo = {
+    format: 'rar5',
+    volume: false,
+    firstVolume: null,
+    solid: false,
+    headersEncrypted: false,
+    entries: [],
+    truncated: true,
+  }
+  let p = RAR5_MARKER.length
+
+  while (p + 5 <= data.length) {
+    const headCrc = data.readUInt32LE(p)
+    const headerSize = vint(data, p + 4)
+    if (!headerSize || headerSize.value === 0) break
+    const headerEnd = headerSize.next + headerSize.value
+    if (headerEnd > data.length) break
+    if ((crc32(data.subarray(p + 4, headerEnd)) >>> 0) !== headCrc) break
+
+    const type = vint(data, headerSize.next)
+    const flags = type && vint(data, type.next)
+    if (!type || !flags) break
+    let cursor = flags.next
+    let extraSize = 0
+    let dataSize = 0
+    if (flags.value & 0x0001) {
+      const v = vint(data, cursor)
+      if (!v) break
+      extraSize = v.value
+      cursor = v.next
+    }
+    if (flags.value & 0x0002) {
+      const v = vint(data, cursor)
+      if (!v) break
+      dataSize = v.value
+      cursor = v.next
+    }
+
+    if (type.value === R5_END) {
+      info.truncated = false
+      break
+    }
+    if (type.value === R5_ENCRYPTION) {
+      info.headersEncrypted = true
+      break
+    }
+
+    if (type.value === R5_MAIN) {
+      const archiveFlags = vint(data, cursor)
+      if (!archiveFlags) break
+      info.volume = Boolean(archiveFlags.value & 0x0001)
+      // A volume number is only stored for volumes after the first.
+      info.firstVolume = info.volume ? !(archiveFlags.value & 0x0002) : true
+      info.solid = Boolean(archiveFlags.value & 0x0004)
+    } else if (type.value === R5_FILE) {
+      const entry = parseRar5File(data, cursor, headerEnd - extraSize, headerEnd, flags.value, dataSize)
+      if (!entry) break
+      info.entries.push(entry)
+    }
+
+    const next = headerEnd + dataSize
+    if (next <= p) break
+    p = next
+  }
+  return info
+}
+
+function parseRar5File(
+  data: Buffer,
+  start: number,
+  extraStart: number,
+  headerEnd: number,
+  headerFlags: number,
+  dataSize: number
+): RarEntry | null {
+  const fileFlags = vint(data, start)
+  const unpacked = fileFlags && vint(data, fileFlags.next)
+  const attributes = unpacked && vint(data, unpacked.next)
+  if (!fileFlags || !unpacked || !attributes) return null
+  let cursor = attributes.next
+  if (fileFlags.value & 0x0002) cursor += 4 // mtime
+  if (fileFlags.value & 0x0004) cursor += 4 // data CRC32
+  const compression = vint(data, cursor)
+  const hostOs = compression && vint(data, compression.next)
+  const nameLength = hostOs && vint(data, hostOs.next)
+  if (!compression || !hostOs || !nameLength) return null
+  const name = data.subarray(nameLength.next, nameLength.next + nameLength.value).toString('utf8')
+  // Compression information: bits 7-9 are the method, 0 is "store".
+  const method = Math.floor(compression.value / 128) & 0x7
+
+  // Extra area records: size, type, data. Type 1 is file encryption.
+  let encrypted = false
+  let e = extraStart
+  while (e < headerEnd) {
+    const recordSize = vint(data, e)
+    const recordType = recordSize && vint(data, recordSize.next)
+    if (!recordSize || !recordType || recordSize.value === 0) break
+    if (recordType.value === 0x01) encrypted = true
+    e = recordSize.next + recordSize.value
+  }
+
+  return {
+    name,
+    size: fileFlags.value & 0x0008 ? null : unpacked.value,
+    packedSize: dataSize,
+    directory: Boolean(fileFlags.value & 0x0001),
+    encrypted,
+    splitBefore: Boolean(headerFlags & 0x0008),
+    splitAfter: Boolean(headerFlags & 0x0010),
+    stored: method === 0,
+    dataOffset: headerEnd,
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The data of an entry stored without compression, copied out of the
+ * archive buffer. Null when it is compressed, encrypted, split over volumes
+ * or not completely in the buffer.
+ */
+export function storedEntryData(data: Buffer, entry: RarEntry): Buffer | null {
+  if (!entry.stored || entry.encrypted || entry.directory || entry.splitBefore || entry.splitAfter) return null
+  if (entry.size === null || entry.size !== entry.packedSize) return null
+  const end = entry.dataOffset + entry.packedSize
+  if (end > data.length) return null
+  return data.subarray(entry.dataOffset, end)
+}

lib/release/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+/**
+ * Grouping of files into releases (downloads), independent of AdonisJS.
+ */
+export { releaseIdentity, par2ReleaseIdentity, par2ReleaseName, rarReleaseIdentity, fileStem, subjectRemainder, namesRelease, isPostToken, type ReleaseIdentity, type ReleaseInput } from './release_key.js'

lib/release/release_key.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+import { createHash } from 'node:crypto'
+import { looksLikeFilename } from '../subject/file_key.js'
+
+export interface ReleaseIdentity {
+  key: string
+  /** Human-readable name: the subject text or the shared filename stem. */
+  name: string
+  /** Number of files announced by the `[i/M]` counter, when present. */
+  fileTotal?: number
+  /** Which rule recognised the release. */
+  source: 'subject' | 'post' | 'stem' | 'weak-stem' | 'par2' | 'rar' | 'nzb' | 'spot'
+}
+
+export interface ReleaseInput {
+  poster: string
+  /** Subject without segment counter (the binary's `subject`). */
+  subject: string
+  /** Filename of the binary. */
+  name: string
+  /** True when the identity came from the yEnc body (obfuscated post). */
+  weak: boolean
+}
+
+// Suffixes that differ between the files of one release. Stripped repeatedly,
+// so "x.mkv.vol03+04.par2" and "x.part07.rar" both reduce to "x".
+const SUFFIXES = [
+  /\.vol\d+[+-]\d+\.par2$/i,
+  /\.par2$/i,
+  /\.part\d+\.rar$/i,
+  /\.r\d{2,3}$/i,
+  /\.rar$/i,
+  /\.7z(\.\d{3})?$/i,
+  /\.zip(\.\d{3})?$/i,
+  // Split volumes (x.mkv.001), not codec names (H.264, H.265).
+  /(?<=\.(7z|zip|rar|tar|mkv|mp4|avi|m4v|ts|m2ts|iso|img|bin|vob))\.\d{3}$/i,
+  /\.(nfo|sfv|nzb|srr|srs|txt|jpg|png|md5|sha1|srt|sub|idx|ass|ssa|m3u|m3u8|cue|log)$/i,
+  /\.tar$/i,
+  /\.(zst|gz|xz|bz2)$/i,
+  /\.(mkv|mp4|avi|m4v|ts|iso|img|bin|flac|mp3|epub|pdf)$/i,
+]
+
+/** Strips per-file suffixes (volume numbers, archive and par2 extensions) from a filename. */
+export function fileStem(name: string): string {
+  let stem = name.trim()
+  let changed = true
+  while (changed) {
+    changed = false
+    for (const suffix of SUFFIXES) {
+      const next = stem.replace(suffix, '')
+      if (next !== stem && next.length > 0) {
+        stem = next
+        changed = true
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return stem
+}
+
+/**
+ * What remains of a subject once the filename, counters, "yEnc" and sizes are
+ * removed. Posters that name the release outside the quotes put it here.
+ */
+export function subjectRemainder(subject: string): string {
+  return subject
+    .replace(/"[^"]*"/g, ' ')
+    .replace(/\[\d+\/\d+\]|\(\d+\/\d+\)/g, ' ')
+    // File sizes follow "yEnc" at the end; other numbers (years, post ids) stay.
+    .replace(/\byEnc\b(\s+\d+)?\s*$/i, ' ')
+    .replace(/\byEnc\b/gi, ' ')
+    .replace(/[\s\-–.:|]+/g, ' ')
+    .trim()
+}
+
+/**
+ * Posting tools put random per-file tokens and poster IDs in subjects (e.g.
+ * `elys-de81bcabef5faf6a - [Nyh5Q07Y]`); only text that still reads like a
+ * name once those are removed identifies a release.
+ */
+function isRandomToken(token: string): boolean {
+  const t = token.replace(/^\[|\]$/g, '')
+  if (t.length < 6) return false
+  if (/^[0-9a-f]+$/i.test(t) && /\d/.test(t)) return true
+  return /\d/.test(t) && /[a-z]/.test(t) && /[A-Z]/.test(t) && !/[._-]/.test(t)
+}
+
+/**
+ * A stable per-post token: one short run of letters/digits with at least one
+ * digit. Requiring a digit keeps constant labels like `[PRiVATE]` from
+ * grouping different posts of the same poster.
+ */
+export function isPostToken(remainder: string): boolean {
+  const compact = remainder.replace(/[\s\[\]()_-]+/g, '')
+  return compact.length >= 6 && compact.length <= 40 && /\d/.test(compact) && /^[A-Za-z0-9]+$/.test(compact)
+}
+
+export function namesRelease(remainder: string): boolean {
+  const words = remainder
+    .split(/\s+/)
+    .filter((w) => w && !isRandomToken(w))
+    .join(' ')
+  // At least two words of letters, joined the way release names are.
+  return /[A-Za-z]{2,}[._ -]+[A-Za-z0-9]{2,}/.test(words)
+}
+
+function hash(...parts: (string | number | undefined)[]) {
+  return createHash('sha1').update(parts.map((p) => p ?? '').join('\n')).digest('hex')
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decides which release (download) a file belongs to. Returns null when the
+ * file cannot be grouped from its name alone (random extensionless names in
+ * obfuscated posts; those need par2 matching). See CONCEPT.md (D16).
+ */
+export function releaseIdentity(input: ReleaseInput): ReleaseIdentity | null {
+  const counter = /\[(\d+)\/(\d+)\]/.exec(input.subject)
+  const fileTotal = counter ? Number.parseInt(counter[2], 10) : undefined
+  const stem = fileStem(input.name)
+
+  if (input.weak) {
+    // Obfuscating posters randomise the poster per article; a real filename
+    // stem is specific enough on its own.
+    if (!looksLikeFilename(input.name)) return null
+    return { key: hash('weak', stem), name: stem, source: 'weak-stem' }
+  }
+
+  // Text outside the quotes that names the release, e.g. "Some.Release [01/45] - "x.rar"".
+  const remainder = subjectRemainder(input.subject)
+  if (namesRelease(remainder)) {
+    return {
+      key: hash('subject', input.poster, remainder),
+      name: remainder,
+      fileTotal,
+      source: 'subject',
+    }
+  }
+  // Not a name, but a post id (e.g. `83110629-n [10/18] - "random"`): with the
+  // [i/M] counter it groups the files of one post whose names are random.
+  if (fileTotal && isPostToken(remainder)) {
+    return { key: hash('post', input.poster, remainder, fileTotal), name: remainder, fileTotal, source: 'post' }
+  }
+  // The [i/M] total is informational, not part of the key: posters often
+  // upload the par2 index without a counter, and it belongs to the same post.
+  return { key: hash('stem', input.poster, stem), name: stem, fileTotal, source: 'stem' }
+}
+
+/** Release of a par2 recovery set; every file listed in it belongs to it. */
+export function par2ReleaseIdentity(recoverySetId: string, fileNames: string[]): ReleaseIdentity {
+  return { key: hash('par2', recoverySetId), name: par2ReleaseName(fileNames) ?? recoverySetId, source: 'par2' }
+}
+
+const SEPARATOR = /[._ -]/
+
+/**
+ * A release name from the files a par2 set lists. Files that differ only in
+ * the middle (episodes S03E01…S03E20, parts) give their shared name, with
+ * the episode reduced to the season: SEAL.Team.S03E01.1080p…-nitrato.mkv to
+ * SEAL.Team.S03E20.1080p…-nitrato.mkv give SEAL.Team.S03.1080p…-nitrato.
+ * Otherwise the longest stem, which tends to be the most descriptive (the
+ * video file).
+ */
+export function par2ReleaseName(fileNames: string[]): string | undefined {
+  const stems = [...new Set(fileNames.map((n) => fileStem(n.split(/[\\/]/).pop() ?? n)))].filter(Boolean)
+  if (stems.length === 0) return undefined
+  const longest = [...stems].sort((a, b) => b.length - a.length)[0]
+  if (stems.length < 2) return longest
+
+  let prefix = stems.reduce((p, s) => {
+    let i = 0
+    while (i < p.length && i < s.length && p[i] === s[i]) i++
+    return p.slice(0, i)
+  })
+  let suffix = stems.reduce((p, s) => {
+    let i = 0
+    while (i < p.length && i < s.length && p[p.length - 1 - i] === s[s.length - 1 - i]) i++
+    return p.slice(p.length - i)
+  })
+  const shortest = Math.min(...stems.map((s) => s.length))
+  if (prefix.length + suffix.length > shortest) suffix = suffix.slice(prefix.length + suffix.length - shortest)
+
+  // Season packs: "Show.S03E" → "Show.S03". Otherwise back to a whole token.
+  const season = /^(.*[._ -]S\d{1,2})E\d*$/i.exec(prefix)
+  if (season) prefix = season[1]
+  else if (prefix.length < stems[0].length && !SEPARATOR.test(stems[0][prefix.length] ?? '.')) {
+    prefix = prefix.replace(/[^._ -]*$/, '')
+  }
+  suffix = SEPARATOR.test(suffix[0] ?? '') ? suffix : suffix.replace(/^[^._ -]*/, '')
+  prefix = prefix.replace(/[._ -]+$/, '')
+
+  const name = suffix ? prefix + suffix : prefix
+  // Only when the shared part carries most of the name (not just "The.").
+  return name.length >= 8 && name.length >= 0.6 * shortest ? name : longest
+}
+
+/**
+ * Release of a RAR volume set, from what its headers list: the shared
+ * top-level directory if there is one, otherwise the first entry. For
+ * volumes after the first, the first entry is the file that continues from
+ * the previous volume, so all volumes of a single-file archive agree.
+ */
+export function rarReleaseIdentity(entries: { name: string; size: number | null }[]): ReleaseIdentity | null {
+  if (entries.length === 0) return null
+  const tops = new Set(entries.map((e) => e.name.split(/[\\/]/)[0]))
+  const nested = entries.some((e) => /[\\/]/.test(e.name))
+  if (nested && tops.size === 1) {
+    const [top] = tops
+    return { key: hash('rar-dir', top), name: top, source: 'rar' }
+  }
+  const first = entries[0]
+  const base = first.name.split(/[\\/]/).pop() ?? first.name
+  return { key: hash('rar-entry', first.name, first.size ?? ''), name: fileStem(base), source: 'rar' }
+}

lib/split/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+/**
+ * Separating equal-sized obfuscated volumes by posting order, independent of AdonisJS.
+ */
+export { splitInstances, splitByRank, splitVerified, verifyVolume, type SplitArticle, type SplitOptions } from './instances.js'